The Lymphatic System

Front 1

Lymphatic Fluid

Back 1

Similar to interstitial fluid

Front 2

Lymphatic Tissues

Back 2

-Mucosa associated lymph tissues [MALT]
-Red bone marrow
-Tonsils

Front 3

Lymphatic Organs

Back 3

-Lymph nodes
-Thymus
-Spleen

Front 4

Lymphatic System Functions

Back 4

-Draining excess interstitial fluid and plasma
-Transport of some nutrients and hormones
-Immunity - specific defense

(recognize microbes or abnormal cells and respond by killing them directly or secreting antibodies that cause their destruction)

Front 5

Lymph Formation and Flow

Back 5

-Fluid and proteins filtered from blood capillaries are collected by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood
-Muscle contraction and breathing promote flow of lymph
-Lymphatic vessels empty into veins in the shoulders

Front 6

Lymphatic Capillaries

Back 6

-Capillaries start as pockets with a large diameter and thin walls
-Endothelial cells overlap to form many one-way valves
-Pickup fluid (lymph) from interstitial space between the tissues

Front 7

Lymphatic Vessels

Back 7

-Lymph passes from capillaries into lymph vessels
-Resemble veins with thin walls and valves

Front 8

Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

Back 8

Carry lymph to nodes

Front 9

Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

Back 9

Carry lymph from nodes

Front 10

Lacteals

Back 10

Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that transport lipids

Front 11

Lymphatic Trunks

Back 11

-Lymph passes from lymphatic vessels into trunks
-Bronchiomediastinal, jugular, subclavian, intestinal and lumbar trunks

Front 12

Thoracic Duct

Back 12

Larger one that drains most of the body lymph into the left subclavian vein

Front 13

Right Lymphatic Duct

Back 13

Smaller one that drains right side of head, right shoulder and right arm into the right subclavian vein

Front 14

Lymphatic Pathway

Back 14

-Interstitial Fluid
-Lymph Capillaries
-Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
-Lymph Nodes
-Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
-Lymphatic Trunks
-Lymphatic Ducts
-Subclavian Veins

Front 15

T-Lymphocytes

Back 15

80%

Respond to antigens by dividing to produce

Cytotoxic T-cells, Helper T-cells, Memory T-cells

Front 16

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Back 16

Kill antigen-bearing cells

Front 17

Helper T-Cells

Back 17

Help activate T-cells and B-cells

Front 18

Memory T-Cells

Back 18

Rememers Antigen

Front 19

B-Lymphocytes

Back 19

15%

Respond to antigens by dividing to produce

Plasma cells and Memory B-Cells

Front 20

Plasma Cells

Back 20

Antibody secreting cells

Front 21

Memory B-Cells*

Back 21

Remembers Antigen*

*(B-Lymphocyte)

Front 22

Natural Killer Lymphocytes (NK)

Back 22

5%

Can kill invading cells and tumor cells without need to respond to antigens - nonspecific defense

Front 23

Hemocytoblast Cell - Thymus

Back 23

T-cells

Front 24

Hemocytoblast Cell - Red Bone Marrow

Back 24

B-cells and Natural Killer cells

Front 25

Mucosa Associated Lymph Tissues [MALT]

Back 25

Lymphatic nodules within digestive and respiratory systems

Front 26

Appendix

Back 26

Large Intestine (Digestive System)

Front 27

Peyer's Patches

Back 27

Small Intestine (Digestive System)

Front 28

Bronchi

Back 28

Respiratory Tract (Respiratory System)

Front 29

Red Bone Marrow

Back 29

Produce all lymphocytes

Front 30

Tonsils

Back 30

-In and around the throat for defense against inhaled or ingested microbes
-Contain tonsilar crypts that trap microbes

Front 31

Lymph Nodes (Structure)

Back 31

-Subcapsular space
-Outer cortex (B cells)
-Deep cortex (T cells)
-Medulla (B cells)

Front 32

Lymph Nodes (Function)

Back 32

Filter lymph and mount the immune response

Front 33

Thymus

Back 33

Located in the mediastinum above the heart

Front 34

Thymus (Structure)

Back 34

-Right and left lobes with lobules
-Lobule cortex - Dividing T Cells
-Lobule Medulla - Mature T Cells

Front 35

Thymus (Function)

Back 35

Secretes: Thymopoietin, thymulin, thymosin (a, b, and v hormones)

Front 36

Spleen

Back 36

Upper Left Quadrant

Front 37

Spleen (Structure)

Back 37

-Red Pulp: Red blood cells plus macrophages
-White Pulp: Packed lymphocytes

Front 38

Spleen (Function)

Back 38

Filters blood, stores platelets and iron

Front 39

First Line Defense: External (Non-Specific Defense)

Back 39

-Skin
-Mucous Membranes
-Tears
-Saliva
-Stomach Acid

Front 40

Second Line Defense: Immunological Surveillance (Non-Specific Defense)

Back 40

-Antimicrobial Proteins
-Natural Killer (NK) Cells
-Phagocytes and Macrophages
-Inflammation and Fever

Front 41

Specific Defense

Back 41

Immunity

Front 42

Innate Immunity

Back 42

Genetically determined at birth

Front 43

Acquired Immunity

Back 43

Produced by exposure to antigens or by antibodies production

Front 44

Active Acquired Immunity

Back 44

Develops by induced or natural exposure to antigens

Front 45

Passive Acquired Immunity

Back 45

Develops by induced or natural transfer of antibodies

Front 46

What is Immunity provided by?

Back 46

Coordinated activity of T and B lymphocytes in response to the presence of specific antigens

Front 47

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Back 47

T cells respond to intracellular antigens such as virus infected cells and tumor cells

Front 48

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Back 48

B cells respond to extracellular antigens such as bacteria

Front 49

Suppressor T cells

Back 49

Limit immune system activation by a single stimulus

Front 50

CD4 Cells (Helper T cells)

Back 50

Activated when antigen presented by antigen presenting cell (APC) cell
-Develops into helper T-cells and memory cells'
-Helper T-cells must stimulate CD8 cells for them to become fully activated killer T cells

Front 51

CD8 Cells (Cytotoxic T Cells)

Back 51

-Activated by contact with virus infected body cell
-Develop into killer T-cells and memory T cells

Front 52

Where do B-cell lymphocytes stay?

Back 52

Lymph Tissues

Front 53

Where do extracellular antigen enter?

Back 53

Lymph Tissue

Front 54

What does extracellular antigen bind to?

Back 54

B-Cell receptors

Front 55

What do B-Cells divide into?

Back 55

Plasma cells and Memory cells

Front 56

What do Helper T-cells bind to?

Back 56

Antigen on B-cells

Front 57

What do Helper T-cells help stimulate?

Back 57

Plasma cell and memory cell formation

Front 58

What do plasma cells secrete?

Back 58

Various types of antibodies

Front 59

What do antibodies bind to?

Back 59

Specific antigen that activated it's parent B-cells

Front 60

Antibodies cause the destruction of what?

Back 60

The antigen

Front 61

Neutralization

Back 61

of antigens (such as toxins)

Front 62

Agglutination and Precipitation

Back 62

Removing antigen bearing cells from solution in blood or body fluids

Front 63

Activation of Complement Proteins

Back 63

that detroy the antigen by various means

Front 64

Phagocytosis Activation

Back 64

(a way that antibodies destroy antigens)

Front 65

Opsonization

Back 65

Coating of antigen by antibodies to increase phagocytes attachment to antigen surface

Front 66

Stimulation of Inflammation

Back 66

by activation of mast cells and basophils

Front 67

Prevention of Antigens Adhesion

Back 67

to cell surfaces

Front 68

The Immune Response (Primary Response)

Back 68

After an initial exposure to an antigen a slow rise in antibodies production occur first as immunoglobulin M (IgM) then (IgG)

Front 69

The Immune Response (Secondary Response)

Back 69

After a subsequent exposure the antibodies production is far greater and is mainly (IgG)

Front 70

Induced Active Immunity

Back 70

Develops after administration nof antigen to prevent disease

Front 71

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Back 71

Develops afer exposure to antigens in environment

Front 72

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

Back 72

Conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in breast milk

Front 73

Induced Passive Immunity

Back 73

Conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection

Front 74

Fluid and proteins are filtered from where?

Back 74

Blood Capillaries

Front 75

Fluid and proteins are collected by what?

Back 75

Lymphatic Capillaries