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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which bone in the leg stabilizes the ankle joint?
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Fibula
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Which bone in the leg transmits weight to the foot?
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Tibia
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What do small holes in the interosseous membrane allow?
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Allow arteries to enter the anterior compartment
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The tibiofibular syndesmoisis is a _______ _______ joint.
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Compound fibrous joint
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What are the distal tibia and fibula connected by? (2)
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1. Interosseous tibiofibular ligament
2. Distal continuation interosseous membrane |
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What are the 3 groups of leg muscles and what nerve are they innervated by?
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1. posterior m. (deep and superficial m.)
2. lateral m. 3. anterior m. |
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What are the actions of the posterior m. group of leg?
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-Plantar flextion at ankle
-Flextion of toes |
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What nerve is the posterior m. group of the leg innervated by?
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Tibial n. branch of sciatic n.
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What are the actions of the lateral m. group of the leg?
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-Elevates foot
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What nerve is the lateral m. group of the leg innervated by?
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Superficial fibular n.
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What are the actions of the anterior m. group of the leg?
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-Dorsiflex at the ankle
-Extend toes |
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What nerve innervates the anterior m. group of the leg?
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Deep fibular n.
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What is the deep fascia of the leg known as?
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Crural fascia
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What divides the 3 muscle groups into compartments?
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Septa
1. anterior interosseous septum 2. posterior intermuscular septum 3. transverse crural septum |
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What is compartment syndrome (CS)?
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Trama or infection in one of the compartments – it increases the pressure inside the compartment. This will compress the nerves and arteries and muscles. This can cause damage. This will cause ischemia (lack of oxygen) to the muscles which can cause them to die.
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Name the superficial calf muscles.
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1. gastrocnemius m.
2. soleus m. 3. plantaris m. |
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Where do all 3 superficial calf muscles insert?
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Posterior end of the calcaneus
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What is the common tendon of the superficial calf m.?
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Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
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What calf muscle has 2 heads?
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Gastrocnemius m.
and Soleus m. |
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Everyone does not have this calf muscle?
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Plantaris m.
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What type of bursitis is caused by inflammation of bursa beneath the achilles tendon?
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Retrocalcaneal bursitis (pump bump)
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What exacerbates achilles tendonitis?
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decreased flexibility
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What causes achilles tendon rupture?
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Occurs with sudden stop and go; forceful plantar flexion with knee moving into full extension.
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20% of bodies don't have this muscle in foot.
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Fibularis tertius m.
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What n. innervates all posterior compartment muscles?
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Tibial n.
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What n. becomes medial and lateral plantar nerves?
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Tibial n.
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What n. innervated anterior m. of leg?
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Deep fibular n.
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What n. innervates fibular m.?
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Superficial fibular n.
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What can occur after an injury to the common fibular n.?
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Foot drop, paralysis of anterior and lateral compartments and loss of eversion and dorsiflexion.
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What are vericose veins?
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Occurs due to insufficiency with vein valvular.
-valves not closing completely -column of blood backs up and vein's path becomes tortuous |
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What are the n. and a. of the anterior compartment of the leg?
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-deep fibular n.
-anterior tibial a. |
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What are the n. and a. of the lateral compartment of the leg?
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-superficial fibular n.
-no a. runs with n. -branches from anterior tibia a. and fibular a. |
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What are the n. and a. of the posterior compartment of the leg?
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-tibial n.
-posterior tibial a. -fibular a. |
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What is the medial malleolus tarsal tunnel?
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Flexor retinaculum
Passage way into the foot for the tibial nerve & posterior tibial artery and the long flexors: TP, FDL & FHL Tom, Dick a.n. Harry tibialis posterior tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon flexor hallucis longus tendon Site of tibial a. pulse |
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Lateral malleolus
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Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis |
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What is the popiteal fossa formed by?
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Biceps femoris m.
semimembranousus m. semitendinosus m. laterl and medial head of gastrocnemius m. popiteal fascia and skin femur, knee capsule |
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What does the popiteal fossa contain?
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small saphenous v.
popiteal a. & v. & genicular branches tibial & common fibular n. posterior cutaneous n. thigh popiteal lymph nodes and lymph vessels |
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What is popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?
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-It is compression of the popliteal artery and impairment of its blood flow by structures of the popliteal space
-very disabiling cause acture limb ischemia. |
