The Language Of Medicine Chapter 16 Skin

Front 1

Adipocyte

Back 1

Fat cell

Front 2

Albino

Back 2

Person with skin deficient in pigment, melanin

Front 3

Apocrine sweat gland

Back 3

One of the larger dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas. It secretes sweat that, in action with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor

Front 4

Basal layer

Back 4

Deepest region of the epidermis, it gives rise to all the epidermal cells

Front 5

Collagen

Back 5

Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

Front 6

Cuticle

Back 6

Band of the epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate

Front 7

Dermis

Back 7

Middle layer of the skin

Front 8

Eccrine sweat gland

Back 8

Most numerous sweat producing exocrine gland in the skin

Front 9

Epidermis

Back 9

Outermost layer of the skin

Front 10

Epithelium

Back 10

Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body

Front 11

Hair follicle

Back 11

Sac within each hair grows

Front 12

Integumentary system

Back 12

The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails

Front 13

Keratin

Back 13

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. Keratin means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals

Front 14

Lunula

Back 14

The half moon shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail

Front 15

Melanin

Back 15

Skin pigment. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis. Eumelanin is brown black pigment, while pheomelanin is red yellow

Front 16

Paronychium

Back 16

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border

Front 17

Pore

Back 17

Tiny opening on the surface of the skin

Front 18

Sebaceous gland

Back 18

Oil secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

Front 19

Sebum

Back 19

Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

Front 20

Squamous epithelium

Back 20

Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

Front 21

Stratified

Back 21

Arranged in layers

Front 22

Stratum, plural: strata

Back 22

A layer, of cells

Front 23

Stratum corneum

Back 23

Outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

Front 24

Subcutaneous layer

Back 24

Innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

Front 25

Adip/o

Back 25

Fat, also lip/o and steat/o

Front 26

Albin/o

Back 26

White

Front 27

Caus/o

Back 27

Burn, burning

Front 28

Cauter/o

Back 28

Heat, burn

Front 29

Cutane/o

Back 29

Skin, also derm/o

Front 30

Derm/o, dermat/o

Back 30

Skin

Front 31

Diaphor/o

Back 31

Profuse sweating, also hidr/o

Front 32

Erythem/o, erythemat/o

Back 32

Redness

Front 33

Hidr/o

Back 33

Sweat

Front 34

Ichthy/o

Back 34

Dry, scaly, fish-like

Front 35

Anthrac/o

Back 35

Black

Front 36

Chlor/o

Back 36

Green

Front 37

Cirrh/o

Back 37

Tawny yellow

Front 38

Cyan/o

Back 38

Blue

Front 39

Erythr/o

Back 39

Red

Front 40

Eosin/o

Back 40

Rosy

Front 41

Jaund/o

Back 41

Yellow

Front 42

Leuk/o

Back 42

White

Front 43

Lut/e

Back 43

Yellow

Front 44

Melan/o

Back 44

Black

Front 45

Poli/o

Back 45

Gray

Front 46

Xanth/o

Back 46

Yellow

Front 47

Kerat/o

Back 47

Hard

Front 48

Lip/o

Back 48

Fat

Front 49

Myc/o

Back 49

Fungus, fungi includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

Front 50

Onych/o

Back 50

Nail, also ungu/o

Front 51

Phyt/o

Back 51

Plant

Front 52

Pil/o

Back 52

Hair, hair follicle. also trich/o

Front 53

Py/o

Back 53

Pus

Front 54

Rhytid/o

Back 54

Wrinkle

Front 55

Seb/o

Back 55

Sebum. Oily secretion from sebaceous gland

Front 56

Squam/o

Back 56

Scale-like

Front 57

Steat/o

Back 57

Fat

Front 58

Trich/o

Back 58

Hair

Front 59

Ungu/o

Back 59

Nail

Front 60

Xer/o

Back 60

Dry

Front 61

Impetigo

Back 61

Purulent skin disease caused by a bacterial infection

Front 62

Seborrheic dermatitis

Back 62

Dandruff

Front 63

Tinea pedis

Back 63

Athletes foot

Front 64

-elasma

Back 64

A flat plate

Front 65

Xanthoma

Back 65

Nodules develop under the skin owing to excess lipis deposits

Front 66

Xanthelasma

Back 66

Xanthoma on the eyelid

Front 67

Lesion

Back 67

Area of abnormal tissue anywhere on or in the body. May be caused by disease or trauma

Front 68

Crust

Back 68

Collection of dried serum and cellular debris. A scab is a crust. It forms from the drawing of a body exudate, and then eczema, impetigo, and sebhorrea

Front 69

Cyst

Back 69

Thick walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semi solid materials.

Front 70

Erosion

Back 70

Wearing away or loss of epidermis. Erosions do not penetrate below the dermo epidermal junction. They occur as a result of inflammation or injury and heal without scarring

Front 71

Fissure

Back 71

Groove or crack like sore

Front 72

Macule

Back 72

Flat lesion measuring less than 1 centimeter in diameter. Freckles, tattoo Mark, and flat moles are examples. A patch is a large macule, greater than 1 centimeter in diameter

Front 73

Nodule

Back 73

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion one centimeter or more in diameter. And enlarged lymph node and solid growths are examples

Front 74

Papule

Back 74

Small, less than one centimeter in diameter, solid elevation of the skin. Pimples. They may become confluent, run together, and form plaques, which are elevated flat lesions

Front 75

Polyp

Back 75

Growths extending from the surface of mucous membrane. Polyps, a type of Papule, commonly are found in the nose and sinuses, colon, urinary bladder, and uterus

Front 76

Pustule

Back 76

Papule containing pus. A pustule is a small abscess, collection of pus, on the skin

Front 77

Ulcer

Back 77

Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes, deeper than an erosion. Decubitus ulcers, bed sores, are caused by pressure that results from lying in one position. Pressure ulcers usually involve loss of tissues substance and pus or exudate formation

Front 78

Vesicle

Back 78

Small collection, Papule, of clear fluid, serum. Blister. Vesicles form in Burns, allergies, and dermatitis. A bulla is a large vesicle

Front 79

Wheal

Back 79

Smooth, edematous(swollen) popular or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin. Mosquito bites, allergic reactions often accompanied by itching and are seen in hives, anaphylaxis, and insect bites

Front 80

Alopecia

Back 80

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows. Baldness may be hereditary or caused by disease,age, injury, or treatment. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation

Front 81

Ecchymosis, ecchymoses

Back 81

Bluish purple mark, bruise, on the skin. Caused by hemorrhages into the skin from injury or spontaneous leaking of blood from vessels. Ec-=out , chym/o=pour

Front 82

Petechia, petechiae

Back 82

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages. Smaller versions of ecchymosis.

Front 83

Pruritus

Back 83

Itching. Result of stimulation of nerves in the skin by substances released an allergic reaction or by irritation caused by substances in the blood or by foreign bodies

Front 84

Acne

Back 84

Chronic popular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum. Acne vulgaris is caused by the buildup of semen and keratin in the pores of the skin. A blackhead or open comedo is ass even plug partially blocking the pore. If the poor becomes completely blocked a white head, closed comedo forms

Front 85

Burns

Back 85

Injury to tissue caused by heat contact. May be caused by dry heat, fire, moist heat steam or liquid, chemicals, lightning, electricity, or radiation. Classified as first, second degree, third degree burns

Front 86

First degree burns

Back 86

Superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters

Front 87

Second-degree burns, partial thickness burn injury

Back 87

Epidermal and dermal lesions, erythma, blisters, and hyperesthesia

Front 88

Third degree burns, full sickness burn injury

Back 88

Epidermis and dermis are destroyed, necrosis of the skin, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred white tissue

Front 89

Cellulitis

Back 89

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling. Abscess formation and tissue destruction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not given

Front 90

Eczema, atopic dermatitis

Back 90

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions

Front 91

Exanthematous viral disease

Back 91

Rash, exanthem, of the skin due to a viral infection. Examples are rubella, rubeola, varicella

Front 92

Rubella

Back 92

German measles

Front 93

Rubeola

Back 93

Measles

Front 94

Varicella

Back 94

Chicken pox

Front 95

Gangrene

Back 95

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply. In this condition, ischemia resulting from injury, inflammation, frostbite, diseases such as diabetes, or arteriosclerosis can lead to necrosis of tissue followed by bacterial invasion and putrefaction, proteins are decomposed by bacteria

Front 96

Impetigo

Back 96

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted over lesions. This is a contagious pyoderma and is usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci

Front 97

Psoriasis

Back 97

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, redblacks covered by silvery gray scales. Commonly involves the forearms, knees, legs, and scalp. Not infectious or contagious caused by an increase rate of growth of the basal layer of the epidermis. And auto inflammatory disease. Treatment is palliative

Front 98

Scabies

Back 98

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus. Commonly affects areas such as the groin, nipples, and skin between the fingers

Front 99

Scleroderma

Back 99

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue. Cypress scar like tissue forms in the skin, and the heart, lungs, kidneys, and esophagus may be affected as well. Skin is thick, hard, and rigid, with areas of both depigmented and hyperpigmentation. An autoimmune disease with palliative treatment

Front 100

Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE

Back 100

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs. Characteristic butterfly pattern of redness over cheeks and nose. Primarily a disease of females, autoimmune disorder

Front 101

Tinea

Back 101

Infection of the skin caused by fungus. Tinea corpus, ringworm. Tinea pedis, athlete's foot. Tinea capitis, scalp. Tinea barbae, skin under beard. Tinea unguium, nails

Front 102

Urticaria, hives

Back 102

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin. I often a reaction to foods or medicine. Histamine is released into the bloodstream, causing pruritus and edema. Angioedema is swelling around the face

Front 103

Vitiligo

Back 103

Loss of pigment, depigmentation, in areas of the skin, milk white patches. A form of leukoderma, autoimmune

Front 104

Callus

Back 104

Benign neoplasm. Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction. Feet and hands are common sites. A CORN

Front 105

Keloid

Back 105

Benign neoplasm. Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision. Results from excessive collagen formation in the skin during connective tissue repair. A normal scar is called a cicatrix

Front 106

Keratosis

Back 106

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis, associated with aging or skin damage. Actinic keratosis is caused by long term UV light exposure and is a pre cancerous lesion that can involved into squamous cell carcinoma. Seborrheic keratosis is a benign lesion that can result from overgrowth of the upper epidermis and is dark in color

Front 107

Leukoplakia

Back 107

White, second patches on mucous membrane tissues of the tongue or cheek, evolves to squamous cell carcinoma. Common in smokers and may be caused by chronic inflammation

Front 108

Nevus, Nevi

Back 108

Pigmented legion of the skin. Aka moles, many are present at birth but some are required. Dysplastic nevi are moles that have a typical cells and made progressed to a form of skin cancer called melanoma

Front 109

Veruca, verucae

Back 109

Epidermal growth, wart, caused by a virus. Verruca vulgaris, the common wart, is the most frequent type of war. Plantar warts are on the soles of the feet

Front 110

Basal cell carcinoma

Back 110

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Most frequent type of cancer, slow growing tumor usually occurs in Sun exposed skin. Especially around the nose almost never metastasizes

Front 111

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 111

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis. May grow in places other than the skin, wherever squamous epithelial is found like the mouth, larynx, bladder, esophagus, and lungs. Actinic (sun related) keratosis are premalignant lesions in people with Sun damaged skin

Front 112

Malignant melanoma

Back 112

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes. Attributed to a genetic predisposition and to exposure to UV light. Melanomas often metastasize to the lung, liver, bone, & brain

Front 113

Kaposi sarcoma

Back 113

Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules. Frequently arising in the lower extremities and is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS

Front 114

Bacterial analysis

Back 114

Samples of scanner examined for presence of microorganism. Puss filled material or exudate, fluid that accumulates, often is taken for

Front 115

Fungal test

Back 115

Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination. May be treated with a potassium hydroxide Koh preparation the positive test results in a fungal infection

Front 116

Cryosurgery

Back 116

Use of sub freezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroyed tissue

Front 117

Curettage

Back 117

Use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away skin lesion. A curette is shaped like a spoon or scoop

Front 118

Electrodesiccation

Back 118

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

Front 119

Mohs surgery

Back 119

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection

Front 120

Skin biopsy

Back 120

Suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examine microscopically by pathologist period in a punch biopsy, a surgical instrument remove the core of tissue obtained by rotation of its sharp, circular edge. In a shave biopsy, tissue is excised using a cut parallel to the surface of the

Front 121

Skin test

Back 121

Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and the results are observed. Used to diagnose allergies and disease. In the patch test, and allergen treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin. In the scratch test, several scratches are made in the skin, & a very minute amount of test material is inserted into the scratch