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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anabolism
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Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.
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catabolism
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Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simplier substances and release energy.
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cell membrane
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Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves.
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chromosomes
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Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain reions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which only contain 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
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cytoplasm
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All the material that is outside the nucleus yet contained within the cell membrane
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DNA
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Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller proteins pieces. Ribosomes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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genes
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Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
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karyotype
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Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
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metabolism
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The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.
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mitochondria
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Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.
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nucleus
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Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
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