Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is selective breeding? |
The artificial selection of male and female animals for a particular trait. These animals are then put together to breed and produce offspring. The offspring are then observed to see whether the trait continues over successive generations |
Artificial selection of.. |
|
|
Name one study of the Biological Approach and elaborate on what happened |
Bock and Goode (1996), found that when mice were reared alone, they showed a strong tendency to attack other male mice when first exposed to other animals. These mice were not taught to be aggressive, that is from their parents; they just exhibited the behavior. This research therefore implies a natural, or genetic, tendency in relation to biological aggression. |
The experiment involved mice |
|
|
What is a strength of the biological approach? |
The biological approach uses scientific, experimental procedures in it's investigations |
Experiments |
|
|
What is a limitation of the biological approach? |
The biological approach is reductionist. It explains all thoughts and behaviors in terms of the actions of nerves or chemicals |
Reductionist |
|
|
Who founded the behaviorist approach? |
John Broadus Watson, he stated that 'consciousness' could not be seen or meanfully defined and therefore should not be studied. |
His last name is Watson |
|
|
What is Law of Effect? |
Events in the environment produce rewards for some behaviours and not others. Behaviours that produce rewards are repeated whereas behaviours that result in punishment are not |
Behaviourist Approach |
|
|
Who came up with the 'Law of Effect'? |
Edward Thorndike |
His last name is Thorndike |
|
|
How did Thorndike study 'Law of Effect'? |
He placed cats into a box where the only means of escape was to operate a latch that would allow the door to open, over time the cats got faster at the task. Thorndike's Law of Effect influenced B.F. Skinner to produce his theory of operant conditioning |
He used cats |
|
|
What is Operant conditioning? |
Learning due to the consequences of voluntary behaviour, through positive and negative reinforcement and punishment |
Reinforcement.. |
|
|
What's an example of Operant conditioning? |
The 'Skinner box' experiments. Skinner would introduce a hungry rat into the box. Inside the box was a lever which, when pressed, would deliver a pellet of food. The rat soon learned that pressing the lever would result in him receiving food (a reward) and so Skinner concluded that the rat had been positively reinforced. |
Skinner Box |
|
|
What is Classical conditioning? |
Learning due to the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned, reflex response |
CS ---> CR |
|
|
What is an example of Classical conditioning? |
Pavlov's Dogs (Salivation, an unconditioned response to food, is associated with a neutral stimulus, a bell) |
Pavlov's Dogs |
|
|
Describe a case study based around Classical conditioning |
Watson and Rayner (1920) Little Albert. White Rat. Loud noise from hammer on metal bar. Little Albert developed phobia. |
Watson and Rayner |
