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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1) What does integument mean?
2) What does cutis mean? |
1) To cover
2) Skin |
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What other structures, other than the skin, does the Integumentary system include?
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Glands, hair and nail
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What are the three layers of skin top to bottom?
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Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
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What is another word for 'subcutaneous/?
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Superficial fascia
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There are the same number of pain receptors everywhere in the body, but not the equal # of...... receptors.,
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sensory
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The epidermis consists of two primary layers. What are they and what do their names mean?
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Stratum Corneum (crown), Stratum basale (base)
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The stratum corneum consists of ....
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Dead skin cells
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What is 'keratin'?
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Waterproofing, it is not a layer - it is diffused throughout.
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Dermis is what and provides what?
What are the two major layers? |
Connective tissue, providing elasticity.
Papillary and reticular |
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What is the layer called comprised of loose connective tissue, hypodermis/superficial fascia and adipose tissue.
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Subcutaneus layer
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What are the three glands and their products?
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Sebaceous gland - oil
Sudoriferous gland - sweat Ceruminous - cerumen |
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What are the compont parts of 'hair'?
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Follicle, root and shaft.
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What produces goose bumps?
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The arrector pili muscle.
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What are the four main functions of the skin?
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1) Protection against infection
2) Protection against dehydration 3) Regulation of body temperature 4) Collection of sensory information |
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Three other functions?
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1) Excretion
2) Absorb medication 3) Vitamin D synthesis |
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What are the three main factors influencing skin color?
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1) Amount of pigment in the skin
2) Blood in surface blood vessels 3) Composition of blood |
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Give two examples of pigment.
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Melanin, carotene.
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What is the blood composed of that effects color?
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Oxygen and hemoglobin.
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Where do you lose more heat, at the fron or the back of the body?
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Front
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What is 'ecchymosis'?
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Blood from ruptured blood vessels escaping into tissue
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What is redness in skin due to capillary dilation called?
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Erythema
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What is 'cyanosis'?
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Bluish appearance due to decreased oxygen
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What is 'decreased amount of blood in an area' called?
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Ischemia
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What is the basic point of contact of massage?
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Skin - which has sensory receptors and is the point of contact between MT and skin
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What is a 4 basic effects of massage to the skin?
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1) It mechanically warms up the skin and 2) increases circulation and promotes 3) perspiration and 4) oil secretion.
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What is a basic high level skin LOCAL contraindication for massage and why?
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Any break or compromise in the skin - as it is a potential entry for infection.
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What is the worst area for an MT to pick up infection?
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Cuticles/hang nails
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Name up to 7 contagious skin disorders?
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Boils, cellulitis, fungal infections, herpes simplex, impetigo, lice and mites and warts.
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Name 4 non-contagious inflammatory skin disorders?
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Acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, dermatitis/eczema and hives
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What are psoriasis and skin cancer?
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Neo-plastic skin disorders
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Definition of a 'boil'?
Treatment? |
Local staph infection
Hot compresses, drain boil. |
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What does a boil look like? 4 signs
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Large, obvious and painful
Usually one at a time Develops center of pus May penetrate deep layer of skin and leave scar |
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Massage impact of boils?
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Locally contraindicated. With signs of systemic infection systemically contraindicated. Isolate and treat sheets.
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Cellulitis definition?
Treatment? |
Local strep infection
Aggressive Antibiotic |
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Massage impact on cellulitis?
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Systemically contraindicated until all symptoms are gone.
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Fungal infection definition?
Treatment? |
Fungus superficial on skin, not systemic.
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3 examples of fungal infections:
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Lesions, ring worm, mycosis
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What is tinea corporis?
What is tinea capitis? What's tinea pedis'? What is tinea cruris? |
Body ring worm
Head ring worm. Athlete's foot Jock itch. |
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Definition of ring worm?
treatment? |
Small, round red scaly patches on trunk and extremities.
Topical fungicide |
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Massage is ..... for various forms of fungal infections.
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Locally contraindicated
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Undiagnosed skin conditions are indicated or contraindicated?
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Contraindicated
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Herpes Simplex Virus definition?
Treatment? |
HPV -1 mouth, above waist
HSV -2 genitals, below waist Not treatable, only dormant in nerve root. |
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Massage is ..... for Herpes.
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Acute herpes contraindicates massage.
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Skin infection with staph or strep. Mostly in children. Usually begins on head or face - What is it?
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Impetigo
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Definition of impetigo.
Treatment. |
Red sores with small blisters, then yellow-brown crusts.
Oral or Antibiotic cream. |
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Massage for impetigo?
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Contraindicated until all signed of infection are gone
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What burrows under skin and cause lesions called scabies?
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Mites
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How does mites spread?
Treatment? |
Skin to skin contact
Pesticidal soap. |
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Massage for mites?
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Systemically contrandicated until infestation is over.
Isolate and wash all linens. |
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Definition of head lice?
Spreads through? |
Wingless insect, sucks blood from scalp. Lays eggs (nits).
Human contact and hats, upholstery |
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Treatment of head lice?
Massage for head lice? |
Pesticidal shampoo, wash bedding, clothing, towels. Cover furniture for 2 weeks.
Contraindicated until infestation is over. |
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Two other types of lice?
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Body and pubic lice.
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Definition of warts?
Treatment? |
Benign growths caused by human papilloma virus. Mostly teenagers.
Benign neglect, liquid nitrogen, blister beetle juice. |
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Give examples of 4 kinds of warts.
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Cystic, genital, deep palmar plantar, butcher's.
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Massage for warts?
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Local contraindication.
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Acne vulgaris definition?
Treatment? |
Small bacterial infection on face and upper back. Most common in teenagers - hormone induced.
Gentle cleansing, topical medication antibiotic or steroid. |
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Massage is.... for acne vulgaris ?
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Locally contraindicated.
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What does the liver is a 'recycling plant' mean?
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It detoxes and converts.
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What is the effect of massage on the liver?
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It improved deep breathing, which assists in the liver functions.
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Some acne is caused by a congested liver. True or false?
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True. The liver neutralizes hormones, which could cause acne.
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Name 5 factors causing acne vulgaris.
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1. Testosterone
2. Bacteria 3. Stress 4. Liver congestion 5. Hormonal imbalance |
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What are the two major types of eczema/dermatitis skin inflammation?
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Eczema -systemic response
Contact dermatitis - local response |
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Massage for eczema/dermatitis?
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It depends....on severity, cause and condition of skin.
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Latin word for 'hives'?
Treatments? |
Urticaria
Antihistamines or topical/oral steriodal anti-inflammatories |
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4 types of hives.
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1. Acute hives
2. Cholinergic hives 3. Physical hives 4. Chronic hives |
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Massage for hives?
What kinds of lubricants? |
Locally contraindicated.
Hypoallergenic |
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Pile-up of excess skin cells, that's a chronic skin condition with acute episodes.
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Psoriasis
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Where on the body is psoriasis?
What does it look like? |
Usually on knees, elbows and trunk. Also on palms and soles of the feet.
Raised pink patches with silvery scales. |
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Treatment for psoriasis?
Massage? |
Topical: Vitamin D, steroid cream, Epsom salt baths.
May benefit from stress management |
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How many people will have some form of skin cancer?
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1 in 5
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Who are most common candidates for skin cancer? 6 causes
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1. Multiple sun burns as a child
2. Live closer to the equator 3. Immune-suppressed 4. Already had skin cancer 5. Have multiple/ atypical moles Have a history of toxic exposure |
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Precancerous lesions are called...?
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Actinic keratosis
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Actinic keratosis may turn into what other type of skin cancer 5-20% of the time?
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Squamos cell carcinoma
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What does BCC stand for?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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What is a red flag for a skin condition that should be looked at by a dermatologist?
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Sores that don't heal or reappear.
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BCC can turn into malignant melanoma. True or false?
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True
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Is massage contraindicated for BCC?
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Yes, locally.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma can develop out what other conditions? Name 3?
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1.Decubitus ulsers
2. Boils 3. Draining sores. |
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Which two skin cancers can metastasize?
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SCC and malignant melanoma
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Massage for SCC?
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SCC can be aggressive form of cancer.
Guidelines deteremined by treatment options. |
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What is the type of cancer that is the leading cause of death?
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Malignant melanoma
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Signs and symptoms to look for with malignant melanoma?
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A - Asymmetrical
B - Border C - Color D - Diameter E - Elevated |
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Massage for malignant melanoma?
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Dependent on cancer treatment options.
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What is another name for bed sores?
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Decubitus
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How does decubitus develop?
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Through inadequate blood flow by squeezed capillaries in the skin in areas when bone is shallow and in close contact to a surface.
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5 early and later signs and symptoms of decubitus?
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Early:
1. Change in skin temperature 2. Local reddening 3. Local pain 4. Local itching Later: 5. Purple |
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Treatment of decubitus?
Massage? |
Topical antibiotics, plastic surgery.
Good preventative mewasure. Contraindicated when skin is compromised. |
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Name two types of scar tissue.
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Hypertrophic and keloid
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Massage for scar tissue?
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Appropriate in post-acute stages. May improve quality of new scar tissue.
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