The Immune System

Front 1

What are 2 types of immunity?

Back 1

1. Innate Immunity
2. Adaptive Immunity

Front 2

What is INNATE immunity?

Back 2

first line of defense that consists of anatomical & blood-related (humoral)barriers to invasion & infection

Front 3

What is ADAPTIVE immunity?

Back 3

second line of defense that involves both a humoral & cell-mediated immune response

Front 4

Characteristics of the innate immune system

Back 4

1. Defenses present & ready to mobilized upon infection
2. Not antigen-specific
3. No immunological "memory"

Front 5

Anatomical barriers to infection

Back 5

1. Mechanical factors (skin)
2. Chemical factors (sweat)
3. Biological factors (normal flora of the skin)

Front 6

Humoral barriers to infection

Back 6

1. Complement System
2. Coagulation System
3. Iron-carrying protein
4. Interferons
5. Lysozyme
6. Interleukin-1

Front 7

Characteristics of adaptive immunity

Back 7

1 Requires time to react to invading organism
2. Antigen-specific
3. Yes-Immunological "memory"

Front 8

Adaptive immunity is characterized by what 2 different types of immune responses?

Back 8

1. Humoral - defends against free bacteria/toxins/viruses
2. Cell-mediated - bacteria & viruses w/in infected cell

Front 9

Explain Cellular immunity

Back 9

Ingestion of "virus" by macrophages, they become antigen-presenting cells = helper T-cell to produce messengers "cytokines"-then become killer t-cells = destroy infected cells

Front 10

Explain Humoral immunity

Back 10

antibody production (B lymphocytes)=response to antigen=binds to "virus", allowing it to be detected & ingested (macrophages)

Front 11

What is cellular immunity?

Back 11

Protective function of immunization associated with cells

Front 12

What are 2 major categories of White Blood Cells (WBC)?

Back 12

1. Myeloid - Granulocytic & Moncytic
2. Lymphoid - T-cell, B-cell NK cells

Front 13

Granulocytes are phagocytic cells containing granules (tiny structures filled w/chemical capable to destoying invading pathogens
What are 3 subtypes?

Back 13

1. Neutrophils-most abundant
2. Eosinphils-weakly phagocytic/allergic response
3. Basophils-release cytokines/chemokines/leukotriences

Front 14

Difference between Monocytes and Macrophages

Back 14

Monocytes circulate in the blood and become macrophages after entering peripheral tissue

Front 15

What are B-Cells?

Back 15

WBC that come from the bone marrow & work by secreting antibodies into the body's fluids

Front 16

What is a T-Cell?

Back 16

WBC that attacks virus-infected cells, foreign cells & cancer cells. No function until encounter an antigen & do not recognize free-floating antigens

Front 17

What do Helper T-cells (Th-cells) do?

Back 17

Coordinate immune responses by communicating w/other cells. Stimulate B-cells=antibody; t-cells & phagocytes

Front 18

What do Killer T-cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)do?

Back 18

Directly attack other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on ther surfaces

Front 19

What do Natural Killer (NK) cells do?
Lethal White Cell

Back 19

Recognize cells lacking self MHC molecules and have the potential to attack many types of foreign cells

Front 20

What is the non-cellular substances involved in the immune response?

Back 20

effector molecules or soluble mediators
(Note: Humoral immunity-no action of cells)

Front 21

3 Major types of soluble mediators?

Back 21

1. Antibodies
2. Cytokines
3. Complement

Front 22

What are antibodies?

Back 22

Specialized proteins produced by B Cells that act as a defense against foreign substances (viruses, bacteria & other antigens)

Front 23

Antibodies belong to a family of large molecules called?

Back 23

Immunoglobulins (Ig-protein that acts like an antibody)

Front 24

IgG

Back 24

Works efficiently to coat microbes, speeding their uptake by other cells in the immune system

Front 25

IgM

Back 25

Very effective at killing bacteria

Front 26

IgA

Back 26

Concentrates in body fluids -tears, saliva, secretions GI tract etc...guarding the entrances to the body

Front 27

IgE

Back 27

Protects against parasitic infections & is responsible for the symptoms of allergy

Front 28

IgD

Back 28

Remains attached to B cells & plays a role in initiating early B-cell response

Front 29

Components of the immune system communicate w/one another by exchanging chemical messengers or______

Back 29

Cytokines

Front 30

What are the 3 types of Cytokines?

Back 30

1. Pro-inflammatory (IL-1,IL-6 & TNFa)
2. Anti-inflammatory
3. Intermediate (IL-6?)

Front 31

What is the complement system?

Back 31

Made up of about 25 proteins that work together to "complement" the action of antibodies in destroying bacteria

Front 32

Explain the inflammatory response

Back 32

Healing of injured tissue and is often associated w/ pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function

Front 33

Steps in the inflammatory response are regulated by _____ - released by WBC & other cell types

Back 33

Cytokines

Front 34

What is autoimmune disease?

Back 34

The result of the immune system mistakenly attacking cells from the person's own body