The Human Body Vocabulary (Chapter 2)

Front 1

Epithelial Tissue

Back 1

The tissue that makes up the linings of organs and forms glands

Front 2

Connective Tissue

Back 2

The tissue that connects one thing to another

Front 3

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Back 3

connect; support; cushion; insulate

Front 4

Free surface

Back 4

In epithelial tissue, the surface of the cell open to its surroundings

Front 5

Basal surface

Back 5

In epithelial tissue, the surface of the cell attached to a different tissue

Front 6

Avascular

Back 6

Lacking blood vessels

Front 7

Simple Epithelium

Back 7

Epithelial tissue that is one cell deep

Front 8

Stratified Epithelium

Back 8

Epithelial tissue that is more than one cell deep

Front 9

Stratified Transitional Epithelium

Back 9

Epithelial tissue that is stratified. When relaxed it is basically cuboidal with many layers. When stretched, it is more squamous with few layers

Front 10

Squamous Epithelium

Back 10

Epithelial tissue that is 'squatty' or 'flattish'

Front 11

Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 11

Epithelial tissue that is cube-shaped

Front 12

Columnar Epithelium

Back 12

Epithelial tissue that is column-shaped

Front 13

Basement Membrane

Back 13

A sort of 'glue' secreted by the epithelial tissue that holds the basal surface of the cell to the other tissue

Front 14

Give an example of where simple squamous epithelium would be found

Back 14

blood vessels or air sacks in lung

Front 15

Give an example of where simple cuboidal epithelium would be found

Back 15

kidneys

Front 16

Give an example of where simple columnar epithelium would be found

Back 16

stomach and intestines

Front 17

Goblet cells

Back 17

Cells whos main job is to produce mucus

Front 18

Basal cells

Back 18

The lower cells in stratified epithelial tissue

Front 19

Keratin

Back 19

A covering of dead cells

Front 20

Keratinized membrane

Back 20

epithelial tissue with a covering of keratin

Front 21

Moist Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 21

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue in which the surface cells are still alive

Front 22

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Back 22

Epithelial tissue in which all cells touch the basement memebrane but not all touch the free surface

Front 23

*Exocrine glands

Back 23

glands that secrete substances outward through a duct

Front 24

*Endocrine glands

Back 24

ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Front 25

Secratory portion

Back 25

the portion of an exocrine gland which contains the cells that do the secreting

Front 26

*Merocrine Glands

Back 26

Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material

Front 27

*Apocrine Glands

Back 27

Exocrine glands that have cytoplasm in their secretions

Front 28

*Holocrine Glands

Back 28

Exocrine glands whose secretions are made up of disintegrated cells

Front 29

List the nine types of Epithelial tissue

Back 29

Simple: squamous, cuboidal, columnar; Stratified: squamous, cuboidal, columnar (?); Transitional; Pseudostratified; moist stratified squamous

Front 30

List the three types of glands

Back 30

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

Front 31

*Extracellular Matrix

Back 31

The chemical substances located between connective tissues cells

Front 32

Ground substance

Back 32

A chemical mixture contained in the extracellular matrix

Front 33

Collagen

Back 33

A protein fiber

Front 34

Fiber

Back 34

'Protein threads' that help hold connective tissue together

Front 35

List the four types of connective tissue

Back 35

Connective tissue proper, bone, cartilage, and blood

Front 36

Fibroblasts

Back 36

Spindle-shaped cells that form connective tissue proper

Front 37

List the four basic types of connective tissue proper

Back 37

Loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and dense regular connective tissue

Front 38

What kind of tissue has gel-like ground substance?

Back 38

Loose connective tissue

Front 39

What four things in particular is connective tissue made of?

Back 39

Fibroblasts, ground substances, elastic fibers, collagen fibers

Front 40

Elastic fibers

Back 40

Elastic fibers are made from protein and are rubber-band like. They allow connective tissue to be stretched

Front 41

Fibrocyte

Back 41

A fibroblast that is completely surrounded by the matrix

Front 42

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

Back 42

Light-duty binding. It is not very strong, but it is flexible

Front 43

Epidermis

Back 43

The uppermost layer of skin

Front 44

Dermis

Back 44

The layer of skin under the epidermis

Front 45

Hypodermis

Back 45

The layer under the dermis. It is not actually skin

Front 46

What is the dermis made of?

Back 46

Dense irregular connective tissue

Front 47

What is the hypodermis made of?

Back 47

Loose connective tissue

Front 48

What is the difference between dense irregular connective tissue and loose connective tissue?

Back 48

Dense irregular tissue has significantly more collagen than loose connective tissue has

Front 49

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

Back 49

Strength in all directions

Front 50

What is the difference between dense regular and irregular connective tissue?

Back 50

In regular tissue the collagen fibers are all lined up in the same way, unlike in irregular tissue

Front 51

Tensile strength

Back 51

The ability to hold up to a specific kind of stress (like a rope). This trait is found in dense regular connective tissue

Front 52

Tendons

Back 52

Structures that hold muscles to bones

Front 53

Ligaments

Back 53

Structures that attach bones to bones

Front 54

Adipose tissue

Back 54

Fatty tissue

Front 55

What does adipose tissue have in particular?

Back 55

Fat cells

Front 56

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Back 56

Energy storage and insulation

Front 57

List the three types of cartilage

Back 57

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Front 58

*Chondrocytes

Back 58

Mature cartilage cells

Front 59

Which is firmer: cartilage or connective tissue proper

Back 59

Cartilage

Front 60

Lacuna

Back 60

A small, hollowed-out space in the cartilage matrix where the chondrocyte resides

Front 61

How is the extracellular matrix of cartilage different than that of connective tissue proper?

Back 61

Cartilage is avascular

Front 62

The cartilage matrix always has what?

Back 62

Collagen

Front 63

Osseous tissue

Back 63

Bone tissue

Front 64

Calcification

Back 64

The process by which ground substance in bone becomes hard

Front 65

Vascular tissue

Back 65

Blood tissue

Front 66

What are the three types of membranes?

Back 66

mucous membranes, synovial membranes, and serous membranes

Front 67

*Stromal cells

Back 67

Cells that provide structure or support for parenchymal cells

Front 68

*Parenchymal cells

Back 68

Cells that provide the actual function of the tissue

Front 69

*Labile cells

Back 69

Cells that undergo mitosis regularly and quickly

Front 70

*Stable cells

Back 70

Cells that do not regularly undergo mitosis by are able to if the need arises

Front 71

*Permanent cells

Back 71

Cells that cannot undergo mitosis