The Human Body In Health And Illness

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structure of the body (dissect)

ie. heart looks like, made of, organized, located

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

describes how the body works or functions

ie. how the heart pumps and why

Front 3

Body's Levels of Organization

Back 3

-From simple to complex
-Major organ systems (12)
-Homeostasis

Front 4

Simple to complex

Back 4

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Organs
6. Organ systems
7. Organism

Front 5

Major organ systems (12)

Back 5

1. Integumentary system
2. Skeletal system
3. Muscular system
4. Nervous system
5. Endocrine system
6. Heart and circulatory system

Front 6

Major organ systems (12)

Back 6

7. Lymphatic system
8. Immune system
9. Respiratory system
10. Digestive system
11. Urinary system
12. Reproductive systems

Front 7

Pathophysiology

Back 7

decribes the consequenses of improper functioning of the body parts.
-how a body part functions when a person has a disease

Front 8

integumentary system

Back 8

skin and related structures
-covering for body
-regulate body temperature
-sensation

ie. hair and nails

Front 9

skeletal system

Back 9

basic framework of the body
-bones, joints, cartilage
-protects and supports organs

Front 10

muscular system

Back 10

3 types of muscles
-skeletal muscles attach to bones and move skeleton

Front 11

nervous system

Back 11

made up of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
-sensory nerves recieve info, bring to spinal cord and brain and interprets

Front 12

endocrine system

Back 12

contains numerous glands that secrete hormones and chemicals to regulate body activities

ie. growth, reproduction, metabolism, water balance

Front 13

circulatory system

Back 13

pumps (heart) and transports (vessels) blood throughout the body

ie.blood carries nutrients and oxygen to cells
-carries waste away to organs of excretion

Front 14

lymphatic system

Back 14

fluid balance and the defense of the body against pathogens and foreign material

ie. lympth nodes, vessels, lymph, lymph organs

Front 15

immune system

Back 15

elaborate defense system that protects from allergens (pollen and cancer cells (cells gone awry)

Front 16

respiratory system

Back 16

contains the lungs and other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs
-oxygen in
-carbon dioxide out

Front 17

digestive system

Back 17

compromised of organs designed to ingest food and break it down

ie. food not absorbed elminated as waste

Front 18

urinary system

Back 18

helps control water and electrolyte balance in the body

ie. kidneys and other structures that help

Front 19

reproductive system

Back 19

made up of organs and structures that enable humans to reduce

Front 20

homeostasis

Back 20

staying the same

-the bodies ability to maintain stable internal environment 98.6*

Front 21

homeostatic mechanisms

Back 21

mechanisms to help maintain a stable internal environment
-temperature control
-blood sugar and pressure
-water balance
-plasma sodium levels

Front 22

homeostatic imbalance

Back 22

disease or disfunction of internal environment

Front 23

anatomical position

Back 23

body standing erect, face forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward

Front 24

superior

Back 24

a part is above another part or is closer to the head

ie. head superior to chest

Front 25

inferior

Back 25

a part is located below another part or is closer to the feet

ie. chest is inferior to the head

Front 26

anterior

Back 26

toward the front surface
-belly surface

Front 27

posterior

Back 27

toward the back surface
-rear side

Front 28

ventral

Back 28

another name for anterior (front)

Front 29

dorsal

Back 29

another name for posterior (back)

ie. dorsal fin of fish

Front 30

medial

Back 30

toward the middle line of body
-dividing it right and left

Front 31

lateral

Back 31

away from the middle line of body

ie. ears are lateral to nose

Front 32

proximal

Back 32

structure is nearer to the point of attachment (trunk of the body)

Front 33

distal

Back 33

a part is further away from the point of attachment

Front 34

superficial

Back 34

a part is located on or near the surface of the body

Front 35

deep

Back 35

the body part is away from the surface of the body

Front 36

central

Back 36

part is located in the center

Front 37

peripheral

Back 37

away from the center (extending towards the limbs

Front 38

sagittal plane

Back 38

divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions

Front 39

frontal plane

Back 39

divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions

Front 40

coronal plane

Back 40

coronal means crown
imaginary line made across the part of the head where a crown would sit and downward through body
-also called frontal

Front 41

traverse plane

Back 41

divides the body horizontally, creating and upper (superior) and lower (inferior) body

Front 42

abdominal

Back 42

anterior trunk just below ribs

-anterior

Front 43

antecubital

Back 43

area in front of the elbow

-anterior

Front 44

axillary

Back 44

armpit

-anterior

Front 45

brachial

Back 45

arm

-anterior

Front 46

buccal

Back 46

cheek area
-cavity between gum and cheek

-anterior

Front 47

cephalic

Back 47

head

-anterior

Front 48

cervical

Back 48

neck

-anterior

Front 49

cranial

Back 49

nearer to the head

-anterior

Front 50

digital

Back 50

fingers and toes

-anterior

Front 51

femoral

Back 51

thigh area

-anterior

Front 52

flank

Back 52

fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top of hip bone

-anterior

Front 53

inguinal

Back 53

where the thigh meets the trunk of the body
-groin

-anterior

Front 54

oral

Back 54

mouth

-anterior

Front 55

orbital

Back 55

around the eye

-anterior

Front 56

patellar

Back 56

front of the knee over kneecap

-anterior

Front 57

pedal

Back 57

foot

-anterior

Front 58

plantar

Back 58

sole of the foot

-anterior

Front 59

pubic

Back 59

genital area

-anterior

Front 60

sternal

Back 60

middle of chest
-over breastbone

-anterior

Front 61

umbilical

Back 61

navel

-anterior

Front 62

caudal

Back 62

near to lower region of the spinal column
-tailbone

-posterior

Front 63

deltoid

Back 63

rounded area of the shoulder closest to upper arm

-posterior

Front 64

gluteal

Back 64

buttocks

-posterior

Front 65

lumbar

Back 65

area of back between ribs and hips

-posterior

Front 66

occipital

Back 66

back of the head

-posterior

Front 67

popliteal

Back 67

behind, or back of, the knee area

-posterior

Front 68

scapular

Back 68

shoulder blade

-posterior

Front 69

viscera

Back 69

organs located within the cavities of the body

Front 70

dorsal cavity

Back 70

located toward the back of the body
-two divisions: cranial and spinal (vertabral)

Front 71

cranial cavity

Back 71

located within skull and contains the brain

-in dorsal cavity

Front 72

spinal cavity
(vertabral)

Back 72

extends downward from cranial cavity
-surrounded by vertebrae
-contains spinal cord

-in dorsal cavity

Front 73

ventral cavity

Back 73

toward the front of the body
-two divisions: thoracic and abdominopelvic

Front 74

thoracic cavity

Back 74

located in diaphragm and surrounded by ribcage
-lungs occupy most of this space

-two compartments: mediastinum and pericardial

Front 75

mediastinum

Back 75

space that contains heart, esophagus, trachea,thymus gland, blood vessels attached to heart

-in thoracic cavity

Front 76

pericardial

Back 76

located within mediastinum
-contains heart

-in thoracic cavity

Front 77

pleural cavity

Back 77

right and left lungs are located on either side of mediastinum in this cavity

Front 78

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 78

below the diaphragm

-two portions: abdominal and pelvic

-4 quadrants, 9 regions

Front 79

abdominal cavity

Back 79

contains stomach, most of the intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys

-upper portion of abdominopelvic cavity

Front 80

pelvic cavity

Back 80

contains the remainder of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive parts

-extends downward from the level of the hips

Front 81

quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity

Back 81

***like looking in mirror- opposite then normal L or R***

right upper -RUQ
left upper- LUQ
right lower- RLQ
left lower- LLQ

Front 82

central regions (3)
abdominopelvic cavity

Back 82

epigastric- below breastbone
umbilical- centermost, navel
hypogastric- below navel

Front 83

epigastric

Back 83

below breastbone
epi- upon
gastric- stomach

-central abdominopelvic cavity

Front 84

umbilical

Back 84

belly button, navel

-centermost abdominopelvic

Front 85

hypogastric

Back 85

below umbilical
hypo- below
gastric- stomach

-lowest center abdominopelvic

Front 86

hypo

Back 86

below

Front 87

epi

Back 87

upon

Front 88

outer regions (6)
abdominopelvic cavity

Back 88

hypochondriac- ribs right/left
lumbar- outer middle right/left
iliac- outer lower right left

Front 89

hypochrondriac regions

Back 89

below the cartilage
hypo- below
chondro- cartilage

-upper outer abdominopelvic
left and right

Front 90

lumbar regions

Back 90

outer middle abdominopelvic
left and right

Front 91

iliac regions

Back 91

lower outer abdominopelvic
left and right

-also called inguinal regions

Front 92

cavities in head

Back 92

oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear