Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define: Anatomy |
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another |
|
Define: Physiology |
Study of the function on the body |
|
Structural Organization in the Human Body: |
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
|
Basic Macromolecules of the Human Body: |
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids |
|
Basic Tissue Types of the Human Body: |
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous |
|
The 11 Organ Systems of the Human Body: |
1. Skeletal 2. Muscular 3. Integumentary 4. Nervous 5. Digestive 6. Respiratory 7. Lymphatic 8. Urinary 9. Cardiovascular 10. Reproductive 11. Endocrine |
|
Function of Integumentary System |
Forms external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Makes Vitamin D. |
|
Function of Skeletal System |
Protects and supports body organs, and provides framework for muscles. Makes blood. |
|
Function of the Muscular System |
Allows movement, and maintains posture. Makes heat. |
|
Function of the Nervous System |
The control system of the body. Activates muscles and glands. |
|
Function of the Endocrine System |
Glands secrete hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by cells. |
|
Function of the Cardiovascular System |
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients. Pumps blood. |
|
Function of the Lymphatic System |
Collects and transports tissue fluids from body and returns it to blood. Immune protects body against foreign substances. |
|
Function of the Respiratory System |
Brings in oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide. |
|
Function of the Digestive System |
Brings in nutrients, and removes wastes. |
|
Function of the Urinary System |
Filters the blood. |
|
Function of the Reproductive System |
Production of offspring. |
|
Define Homeostatis |
The condition in which the body's internal systems remain within normal physiological limits. Internal balance of organ systems despite changes in stimuli. |
|
Homeostasis regulated by the Endocrine System |
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers in the blood called hormones: slow but long lasting changes |
|
Homeostasis regulated by the Nervous System |
The nervous system uses nerve impulses: relatively fast, but short-lived changes |
|
Homeostasis Feedback System: Receptors |
A receptor monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends signals to the Control Center via a hormone or sensory neuron |
|
Homeostasis Feedback System: Control Center |
The control center sets ranges for the controlled condition, receiving signals from Receptors and sending signals to Effectors via a hormone or motor neuron |
|
Homeostasis Feedback System: Effectors |
An Effector is a body structure that receives signals from the Control Center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition |
|
Homeostasis: Negative Feedback |
If a response reverses the original stimulus, the system is a negative feedback loop. * Much more common in physiology Ex: control of blood sugar by insulin |
|
Homeostasis: Positive Feedback |
If a response enhances the original stimulus, the system is a positive feedback loop |
|
Anatomical Position |
Standing erect, feet apart, arms at sight, palms facing forward, head/chin level, eyes facing forward |
|
Anatomical Position: Supine |
Lying face up |
|
Anatomical Position: Prone |
Lying face down |
|
Superior vs. Inferior |
Toward / Away from the head
Ex: The head is superior to the abdomen |
|
Ventral (Anterior) vs. Dorsal (Posterior) |
Towards the front / Towards the back of the body
Ex: The breastbone is ventral (anterior) to the spine |
|
Medial vs. Lateral |
Toward / Away from the midline
Ex: The heart is medial to the arm |
|
Proximal vs. Distal |
Closer to / Farther from the body trunk limb attachment
Ex: The elbow is proximal to the wrist |
|
Superficial vs. Deep |
Toward / Away from the body surface
Ex: The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles |
|
Anatomical Planes and Sections |
Imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into distinct partitions |
|
Frontal (Coronal) Plane |
Through torso vertically at side- splits body front and back |
|
Transverse Plane |
Through torso horizontally |
|
Midsagittal Plane |
Through torso vertically- splits body side to side down the middle |
|
Parasagittal |
Through torso vertically- splits body side to side, offset from midline |
|
Body Cavities |
Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support the internal organs |
|
Dorsal Body Cavity |
Consists of the Cranial and Vertebral Cavities |
|
Ventral Body Cavity |
Consists of the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities |
|
Cranial Cavity |
Part of the Dorsal Cavity: Formed by skull and contains the brain |
|
Vertebral Cavity |
Part of the Dorsal Cavity: Formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord |
|
Thoracic Cavity |
Part of the Ventral Cavity: Above the diaphragm. Contains 2 pleural cavities and the mediastinum |
|
Pleural Cavities |
Parts of the Thoracic Cavity: Enclose the lungs |
|
Mediastinum |
Part of the Thoracic Cavity: Inbetween the lungs, contains the pericardial cavity, and all thoracic organs except the lungs |
|
Pericardial Cavity |
Part of the Thoracic Cavity and within the Mediastinum: Encloses the heart |
|
Abdominopelvic Cavity |
Part of the Ventral Cavity: contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
|
Abdominal Cavity |
Part of the Abdominopelvic Cavity: Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of large intestine |
|
Pelvic Cavity |
Part of the Abdominopelvic Cavity: Contains the bladder, part of the large intestine, and reproductive organs |
|
Serous Membranes (Serosa) |
Thin, slippery membranes that line body cavitites and organs to reduce friction during movement |
|
Parietal Serosa |
Line the walls of body cavities |
|
Visceral Serosa |
Cover the internal organs |
|
Parietal Pericardium |
Serosa that lines the percardial cavity |
|
Visceral Pericardium |
Serosa that lines the heart |