The Human Body: An Orientation

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the STRUCTURE of the body parts and their relationship to one another.

Front 2

What are the types of Anatomy?

Back 2

1. Gross or Macroscopic
2. Microscopic
3. Developmental

Front 3

Physiology

Back 3

The study of the FUNCTION of the body's structural machinery.

Front 4

What are the types of Gross Anatomy?

Back 4

1. Regional
2. Systemic
3 Surface

Front 5

Regional Anatomy

Back 5

All structures in one part of the body.

Front 6

Systemic Anatomy

Back 6

Gross anatomy of the body studied by system

Front 7

Surface Anatomy

Back 7

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin.

Front 8

Microscopic Anatomy

Back 8

Study of things too small to see with the naked eye

Front 9

Gross Anatomy

Back 9

Study of larger things that can be studied with the naked eye.

Front 10

What are the types of Microscopic Anatomy?

Back 10

1. Cytology
2. Histology

Front 11

Cytology

Back 11

Study of the cell

Front 12

Histology

Back 12

Study of tissues

Front 13

Developmental Anatomy

Back 13

Traces structural changes through out life

Front 14

What is an example of Developmental Anatomy?

Back 14

Embryology

Front 15

Embryology

Back 15

Study of developmental changes of the body before birth.

Front 16

What are the levels of organization?

Back 16

1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organismal level

Front 17

What are the necessary life functions?

Back 17

1. maintaining boundaries
2. movement
3. responsiveness
4. digestion
5. metabolism
6. excretion
7. reproduction
8. growth

Front 18

Maintaining Boundaries

Back 18

Separating external and internal environments

Front 19

Responsiveness

Back 19

Ability to react. Ex. Reflexes

Front 20

Reproduction (Life Function)

Back 20

Reproduction of cells to maintain life

Front 21

What are our survival needs?

Back 21

1. nutrients
2. oxygen
3. water
4. Normal body temperature
5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Front 22

What is considered to be a normal body temperature?

Back 22

98.6

Front 23

Homeostasis

Back 23

ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite constant external changes

Front 24

What are the components of homeostatic control?

Back 24

1. Receptor
2. Control Center
3. Effector

Front 25

Receptor

Back 25

Sensor that notices a change and sends information about this change to the control center.

Front 26

Control Center

Back 26

Comes up with a plan of action and sends the plan to the effector

Front 27

Effector

Back 27

Executes the plan that the control center came up with to solve the problem.

Front 28

Afferent Pathway

Back 28

Approaches the control center

Front 29

Efferent Pathway

Back 29

Exits the control center

Front 30

Negative feedback

Back 30

output shuts off original effect of stimulus

Front 31

Positive feedback

Back 31

Effector enhances the original stimulus
Ex. Child birth

Front 32

What is a homeostatic imbalance?

Back 32

Most diseases are considered homeostatic imbalances. Negative feedback systems can become overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms can take over.

Front 33

Anatomical position

Back 33

standing upright
head facing forward
feet in normal stance
palms facing anteriorly
Thumbs outward

Front 34

Superior (cranial)

Back 34

Toward the head

Front 35

Inferior (caudal)

Back 35

Away from the head

Front 36

Ventral (anterior)

Back 36

Toward the front of the body

Front 37

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 37

Toward the back of the body

Front 38

Medial

Back 38

towards the midline of the body

Front 39

Lateral

Back 39

Away from the midline of the body

Front 40

intermediate

Back 40

between medial and lateral structures

Front 41

Proximal

Back 41

Towards the trunk

Front 42

Distal

Back 42

Away from the trunk

Front 43

Superficial

Back 43

towards the surface of the body

Front 44

Deep (directional term)

Back 44

Away from the surface of the body

Front 45

Axial Region

Back 45

Head, neck, and Trunk

Front 46

Appendicular Region

Back 46

limbs

Front 47

Sagittal plane

Back 47

vertical plane that divides the left and right sides

Front 48

frontal plane

Back 48

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Front and back.

Front 49

Transverse plane

Back 49

Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Front 50

Dorsal Body Cavity

Back 50

Protects the nervous system organs

Front 51

Cranial cavity

Back 51

in the skull, protects the brain

Front 52

vertebral (spinal) cavity

Back 52

runs in the bony vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord

Front 53

Ventral Body Cavity

Back 53

Contains the Thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 54

Thoracic cavity

Back 54

superior subdivision, surrounded by ribs and chest muscles
Divided into lateral pleural cavities enclosing each lung and the medial mediastinum
containing the pericardial cavity enclosing the heart and surrounding the thoracic structures.

Front 55

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 55

inferior subdivision, seperated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm.
Includes abdomen cavity and pelvic cavity

Front 56

Abdomen cavity

Back 56

stomach, spleen, intestines, liver, and other organs

Front 57

Pelvic cavity

Back 57

bony pelvis, bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Front 58

Serosa or serous membrane

Back 58

Thin, double-layered lining of the walls of the ventral cavity and the outside surfaces of the internal organs.

Front 59

Parietal serosa

Back 59

The part of the membrane that lines the walls

Front 60

Visceral Serosa

Back 60

The part of the membrane that folds on itself to cover the organs

Front 61

Abdominopelvic regions
(not on test)

Back 61

9 regions of the abdomen area separated in a way that is similar to a tic-tac-toe board.

Front 62

Umbilical region
(not on test)

Back 62

The middle box of the tic-tac-toe board

Front 63

Epigastric region
(not on test)

Back 63

center box on top row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 64

Hypogastric (pubic) region
(not on test)

Back 64

center box in bottom row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 65

Right iliac (inguinal) region
(not on test)

Back 65

left box of the bottom row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 66

Left iliac (inguinal) region
(not on test)

Back 66

right box of the bottom row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 67

right hypochondriac region
(not on test)

Back 67

left box of top row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 68

left hypochondriac region
(not on test)

Back 68

right box of top row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 69

right lumbar region
(not on test)

Back 69

left box of middle row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 70

left lumbar region
(not on test)

Back 70

Right box of middle row of tic-tac-toe board

Front 71

synovial cavities

Back 71

Are found in the joints