The Heart - Cardiac Muscle - Pg. 3

Front 1

Intercalated discs are composed of what three things?

Back 1

Gap junctions, desmosomes, fascia adherens

Front 2

What is another term for gap junctions?

Back 2

Electrical junctions

Front 3

Transfer positive ions from cell to cell across the intercalated disc.

Back 3

Electrical (Gap) junctions

Front 4

Why do electrical (gap) junctions transfer positive ions from cell to cell across the intercalated disc?

Back 4

To spread the action potential from myocyte to myocyte.

Front 5

Keep myocardial cells from tearing apart from each other

Back 5

Mechanical junctions

Front 6

Stores calcium ions, but not enough for contraction (more has to be imported from the plasma.)

Back 6

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 7

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores what?

Back 7

Calcium ions

Front 8

Are the calcium ions stored by the sarcoplasmic reticulum enough for contraction? If not, how is this problem resolved?

Back 8

More has to be imported from the plasma.

Front 9

What is the mitotic potential for cardiac muscle cells? Why is this?

Back 9

Limited to none. No satellite cells.

Front 10

Because they mitotic potential for cardiac muscle cells is limited, how does repair occur?

Back 10

Fibrosis (Rather than regeneration)

Front 11

Many mitochondria are present and cardiac muscle cells. T/F?

Back 11

True

Front 12

Be myofibrils of cardiac muscle are organized much like those in _____. How so?

Back 12

Skeleton muscle; the presence of regulatory proteins like troponin.

Front 13

One of the so-called cardiac enzymes looked for in the plasma after a possible M.I.

Back 13

Troponin

Front 14

Where is troponin located?

Back 14

In the myofibrils of cardiac muscle

Front 15

The metabolism of cardiac muscle requires constant blood supply for adequate fuels and particularly oxygen. Why?

Back 15

Since cardiac myocytes primarily use the mitochondria to generate ATP without fatigue.

Front 16

Since Cardiana client sites primarily use the mitochondria to generate ATP without fatigue, the metabolism of cardiac muscles requires constant ______ & ______

Back 16

Blood supply and oxygen

Front 17

What are the preferred fuel for the metabolism of cardiac muscle?

Back 17

Fatty acids

Front 18

While fatty acids are the preferred fuel for the metabolism of cardiac muscle, the myocytes can use what two other things for making ATP?

Back 18

Glucose or amino acids

Front 19

Cardiac myocytes obtain little or no oxygen or nutrients from the blood flowing through the chambers of the heart. T/F?

Back 19

True

Front 20

Since cardiac myocytes obtain little or no oxygen or nutrients from the blood flowing through the chambers of the heart, the myocytes are absolutely dependent on what?

Back 20

Adequate blood flow through the coronary arteries.

Front 21

If a coronary artery branch becomes substantially blocked (embolism, atherosclerosis, etc.), What happens to the myocardial cells in the area supplied by the artery?

Back 21

Ischemic injury or death of the myocardial cells.