The Heart And Heart Disease

Front 1

atria

Back 1

2 upper heart chambers

Front 2

ventricles

Back 2

2 lower heart chambers

Front 3

myocardium

Back 3

muscle of the heart

Front 4

endocardium

Back 4

thinlayer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart

Front 5

endocarditis

Back 5

inflammation of the lining of the heart

Front 6

pericardium

Back 6

membrane that surround the heart

Front 7

virceral pericardium

Back 7

the pericardium that covers the heart; also called the epicardium

Front 8

epicardium

Back 8

the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; also called the visceral pericardium

Front 9

parietal pericardium

Back 9

pericardium surrounding the heart like a loose fitting sack to allow the heart enough room to beat

Front 10

pericarditis

Back 10

condition in which the pericardium becomes imflamed

Front 11

cardiac temponade

Back 11

compression of the heart caused by fliud build up in the pericardial space

Front 12

systole

Back 12

contraction of the heart muscle

Front 13

diastole

Back 13

relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions

Front 14

AV or atrioventricular values

Back 14

2 valves that separate the artial chambers from the ventricles

Front 15

bicuspid or mitral valve

Back 15

1 of 2 AV values, it is located between the left atrium and ventricle

Front 16

tricupid valve

Back 16

the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

Front 17

chordea tendineae

Back 17

string like structure that attach the AV values to the walls of the heart

Front 18

semilunar or SL valve

Back 18

valves located between the 2 ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart;valvue found in veins

Front 19

pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 19

sem-i-valve located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery

Front 20

aortic semilunar valve

Back 20

valve between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle

Front 21

incompetent valve

Back 21

cardia valves that "leak", allowing some blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came

Front 22

stenosed valve

Back 22

values that are narrower than normal, slowing blood flow from a heart chamber

Front 23

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Back 23

condition in which the bicuspid(mitral) valve extends into the left atrium, causing incompetence (leaking) of the value

Front 24

rheumatic heart disease

Back 24

cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammitory response to streptococcal infection

Front 25

heart murmur

Back 25

abnormal heart sound that may indicate valvular insufficiency (leaking) or stenosing (narrowing, blockage) of the value

Front 26

superior vena cava

Back 26

1 of 2 large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Front 27

inferior vena cava

Back 27

1 of 2 large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Front 28

pulmonary artey

Back 28

atrery that carries deoxgenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Front 29

pulmonary veins

Back 29

any vien that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Front 30

pulmonary circulation

Back 30

venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium

Front 31

systemic circulation

Back 31

blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

Front 32

coronary circulation

Back 32

delivery of O2 and removal of waste products from the myocardium

Front 33

cornary arteries

Back 33

the right and left cornary arteries are the first arteries to branch off the aorta, supply blood to the myocardium

Front 34

coronary embolism

Back 34

blocking of a coronary blood vessel by a clot

Front 35

myocardial infarction (MI)

Back 35

death of cardia muscle cells resuling from inadequate blood supply, as in coronasry thrombosis

Front 36

arterosclerosis

Back 36

harding of the arteries; materails such as lipids accumalate in the arterial walls, often becoming hardened via calcification

Front 37

angina pectoris

Back 37

severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficient O2

Front 38

coronary bypass surgery

Back 38

surgery to releive severly restricted coronary blood flow; viens are taken from other parts of the body and then reattached where neede to bypass the partial blockage

Front 39

cardiac cycle

Back 39

each complete heart beat; including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles

Front 40

stroke volume

Back 40

the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat

Front 41

cardiac output

Back 41

volume of blood pumped by 1 ventricle per minute

Front 42

sinoatrial node of SA node

Back 42

the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava

Front 43

atrioventricular node or
AV node

Back 43

a small mass of impulse-generated cardiac muscles tissue near the junction of the left atrium and ventricle; part of the conduction system of the heart

Front 44

purkinje fibers

Back 44

specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles, causing them to contract

Front 45

electrocardiograph

Back 45

machine that produces electrocardiograms, graphic records of the heart's electrical activity

Front 46

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Back 46

graphic record of the heart's action potentials

Front 47

P wave

Back 47

deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria

Front 48

QRS complex

Back 48

deflection on a ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles

Front 49

T wave

Back 49

deflection on a ECG that occurs with repolarization of the ventricle

Front 50

dysrhythmia

Back 50

term referring to any abnormality of cardiac rhythm

Front 51

heart block

Back 51

blockage of impulse conduction from atria to ventricles so that the heart beats at a slower rate then normal

Front 52

artifical pacemaker

Back 52

an electical device that is implanted into the heart to treat a heart block

Front 53

sinus dysrhythmia

Back 53

variation in the rhythm of heart rate during the breathing cycle

Front 54

premature contractions or extrasystoles

Back 54

contractions of the heart wall that occur before expected

Front 55

fibrillation

Back 55

condition in which individual muscle fibers, or small groups of fibers, contract asynchronously(out of time) with other muscle fibers in an organ' producing no effective movement

Front 56

automatic external defibrillators (AEDs)

Back 56

small light wieght device that detacts a person's heart rhythm

Front 57

heart failure

Back 57

inability of the heart to pump returned blood sufficiently

Front 58

cardiomyopathy

Back 58

general term for disease of the myocardium

Front 59

cor pulmonale

Back 59

failure of the right atrium & ventricle to pump blood effectively, resulting from obstruction of pulmonary blood flow

Front 60

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 60

left heart failure, inabilty of the left ventricle to pump effectively, resulting in congestion in the systemic and pulmonary circulation