The Heart

Front 1

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The ____ system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood.

Back 1

circulatory

Front 2

The heart lies in the _____ about 2/3 of it to the left of the ++++ plane.

Back 2

median

Front 3

The cardiovascular system has 2 divisions: the pulmonary circuit serves the lungs only and the systemic circuit serves the entire _____, including the lungs.

Back 3

body

Front 4

The pulmonary circuit carries the blood to the lungs for gas +++++ and returns it to the heart.

Back 4

exchange

Front 5

The systemic circuit supplies blood to every organ of the body, including other parts of the ____ and the wall of the heart itself.

Back 5

lungs

Front 6

The heart is enclosed in a 2 layered fibrous sacr or the ++++++

Back 6

pericardium

Front 7

The right side of the heart furnishes blood to the ______ circuit. It has deoxygenated blood that it pumps into the pulmonary _____, which divides the blood into right and left pulmonary arteries.

Back 7

pulmonary
trunk

Front 8

The right and left pulmonary arties transports the blood to the alveoli of the lungs, where _____ is unloaded and O2 picked up.

Back 8

CO2

Front 9

The left side of the heart supplies the +++++ circuit.

Back 9

systemic

Front 10

On the left side, blood leaves by way of the aorta. The aortic arch passes downward, posterior to the heart. The aortic arch gives off +++++ that supply the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Back 10

arteries

Front 11

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs and deep to the _____, in the mediastinum.

Back 11

sternum

Front 12

The visceral pericardium forms the surface layer of the heart or ++++++. The _____pericardium forms a loose fitting pericardial sac around the heart.

Back 12

epicardium
parietal

Front 13

the heart is tilted to the ____ so that about 2/3 of the heart lies to the left in the median plane.

Back 13

left

Front 14

The broad superior portion of the heart is called the ____

Back 14

base

Front 15

Immediately above the diaphragm, the inferior end tapers to a blunt end called the ____, immediately above the diaphragm.

Back 15

apex

Front 16

The double walled sac the heart is enclosed in is called the _____

Back 16

pericardium

Front 17

The serous layer formed the ______

Back 17

epicardium

Front 18

The space between the pericardium and the visceral pericardium form the surface layter of the heart or ++++++

Back 18

epic

Front 19

In the pericardial cavity, 30ml of fluid reduces +++++. If friction, pericardal effusion

Back 19

friction

Front 20

The myocardium = the _____ of the heart.

Back 20

muscles

Front 21

The endocardium is the _____ layer of the heart.

Back 21

innermost

Front 22

The space between the pericardium and the epicardium is the ______ fluid of 30mL.

Back 22

pericardial

Front 23

Visceral= attached to the heart and Parietal= ____ from the heart

Back 23

away

Front 24

Cardiac muscle striated, +++++, and branching

Back 24

involuntary

Front 25

Between the parietal and visceral layers is a space called the pericardial cavity. It contains 5 to 30mL of fluid. Fluid lubricates and avoid pericarditis, inflammation of the ______. Also isolates the heart.

Back 25

pericardium

Front 26

The heart wall consists of 3 layers: epicardium, ______, and myocardium.

Back 26

endocardium

Front 27

The epicardium is a serous membrane. Simple squamous overlying a thin layer of _____

Back 27

areolar

Front 28

The endocardium lines the interior of the heart ______. Simple squamous over areolar.

Back 28

chambers

Front 29

The heart has 4 chambers: 2 blood receiving atria and 2 blood +++++ ventricles.

Back 29

ejecting

Front 30

Externally the atria and ventricles are marked by the ________sulcus and the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci, which harbor the major ++++++ blood vessels.

Back 30

artioventricular
coronary

Front 31

Atrioventricular valves regulate blood flow from the atria to the +++++. The right AV valve is the tricuspid valve and left AV valve is the _____ valve.

Back 31

ventricles
bicuspid

Front 32

Semilunar valves regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the major arteries: the +++++ valve, at the origin of the pulmonary trunk and aortic valve at the origin of the ++++. The semilunar valve opens when the pressure on the upstream side exceeds pressure on the downstream side. When the semilunar valve is closed, they prevent blood from flowing backward thru an opening.

Back 32

pulmonary
aorta

Front 33

Systemic blood enters the heart at its right atrium, flows thru the right AV valve into the right ventricle, and is pumped from there thru the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary _____. It returns from the lungs to the left atrium, passes thru the left AV valve into the left ventricle, and this ventricle pumps it thru the aortic valve into the systemic circuit.

Back 33

circuit

Front 34

Systemic blood enters the heart at its right atrium, flows thru the right _____ valve into the pulmonary circuit. It returns from the lungs to the ===== atrium, passes thru the left AV valve into the left ventricle, and this ventricle pumps it thru the left ___valve into the left ventricle, and this ventricle pumps it thru the aortic +++ into the systemic circuit.

Back 34

pulmonary
left
AV
valve

Front 35

The cardiac tissue is supplied by a system of coronary blood vessels. Blockage of any major ______ artery can cause myocardial infarction, death of cardiac muscle due to lack of _____

Back 35

coronary
Oxygen

Front 36

Electrical signals originate in the SA node, the usual pacemaker of cardiac rhythm, and travel via the ___ node, AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers to reach the ventricular monocytes.

Back 36

AV

Front 37

The cardiac myocytes are short, thick, _____, and striated cells. They have a less extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum SR than _____ muscle, but larger T tubules and obtain Ca2+ from the ECF as well as the SR..

Back 37

branched
skeletal

Front 38

The myocytes meet end to end at ______ discs, which contain mechanical junctions to hold the contracting cells together and electrical _____ junctions to enable myocytes to stimulate each other.

Back 38

intercalated
gap

Front 39

Cardiac muscle uses almost entirely aerobic _______, and has large abundant mitochondria and abundant glycogen and myoglobin to meet this demand. It employs fatty acids, glucose, and other organic fuels.

Back 39

respiration

Front 40

Cardiac myocytes are autorhythmic, contracting periodically without nervous stimulation. Some heart cells have lost the ability to ______ and constitute the cardiac conduction system, specialized to generate and conduct ______ potentials.

Back 40

contract
action

Front 41

Systole is the contaction of any heart chamber and _____ is its relaxation.

Back 41

diastole