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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to
Wei Li and Dennis Tao Yang "The Great Leap Forward: Anatomy of a Central Planning Disaster" What did the government claim was responsible for the disaster and what do Wei Li and Dennis Tao Yang Claim was Responcible |
Government: Weather
Wei Li and Dennis Tao Yang: Great Leap Forwards Policies |
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What does Wei Li and Dennis Tao's model seek to do?
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Rationalize the behavior of the government
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What do Wei Li and Dennis Tao claim were responsible for the disaster
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Expectations of a great leap in agricultural productivity resulting from collectivization, caused the government to switch to an accelerated timetable for industrialization.
Once Agriculture was collectivized in the countryside, the government diverted massive amounts of agricultural resources to industry Sharply raised grain procurement from the peasants. |
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What was the issue with Resource Diversion and Grain Procurement according to Wei Li and Dennis Tao
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They were both excessive.
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After the initial decline in agricultural productivity resulting from resource diversion (labor and capital) what later would cause further decline in agricultural productivity
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When agricultural inputs were reduced and peasants who carried on farming were left with insufficient food to maintain their productivity, grain output fell sharply.
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When and what caused Agricultural recovery?
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Recovery started gradually only when the GLF policies were reversed.
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WHAT WERE THE MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO THE COLLAPSE OF OUTPUT?
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We find that resource diversion and excessive procurement were the main contributors to the collapse of output.
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Order Bad Weather, Diversion of resources and excessive procurement by their responsibility for the crisis
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Diversion of resources from agriculture was responsible for 33.0 percent of the decline in grain output for the period between 1958 and 1961.
Excessive procurement, which decimated the physical strength of rural workers, was responsible for 28.3 percent of the decline. Bad weather also played a role and was responsible for 12.9 percent of the decline. |
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According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what was the goal for the nation for the chinese both this and last century?
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If a “rich and prosperous nation” was the dream of the Chinese people in the early twentieth century, a democratic state is their aspiration for this century
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What has happened to the chineese view of Democracy
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The Chinese people have changed their view of democracy from an instrument for producing a strong state to a necessary means for protecting individual liberties. Yet they maintain different views on the application of democratic institutions, such as multiparty competition and general elections. A basic converging point now is rule by the people and rule of law.
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According to the model suggested by Kai He and Huiyun Feng what is most conducive to smooth democratization
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In the complex democratization model suggested in this article, sustained economic development will be most conducive to smooth democratization.
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What role might economic difficulties play?
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Economic difficulties could both catalyse government tightening of authoritarianism and civilian protest.
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Why is the CCP working hard to sustain economic progress?
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The experience of the former Soviet Union shows that a radical transition triggered by economic crisis may be disastrous for the society. This is one of the reasons that the CCP now is working hard to obtain a soft landing for the heated economy, despite rapid development, and to control rocketing inflation, a volatile stock market, and overheated real estate. The major goal of these efforts is to calm down the restive public and to avoid major social turbulence.
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According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng what will shape the process of democratization?
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The political struggle between the reform group and the conservative group in China will shape the process of democratization.
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What would determine if a Negotiation Pact transition can successfully occur according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng?
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However, whether the reform group can lead a “negotiation pact” transition is likely to be determined by the support of civil society and a democratic political culture. The maturity of civil society and a free, competitive political culture not only provide incentives and support for the reform group to pursue a democratic transition; they may also be a constraint to keep them on the track of consolidation of democracy.
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What can be said of the maturity of Chinas civil society according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
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China displays an increasingly mature civil society. Despite strong government control and censorship, there is an ever- increasing number of netizens, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and Internet blogs in China.
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What would the effect of a free'er media be according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
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A freer media is more inclined to report and investigate sensitive cases and play a supervisory role.
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According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, are there mediums for the Chineese people to have their voices heard?
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The public also realizes that it has more channels to let its voices be heard domestically and internationally. The public awareness and willingness to take substantive actions reflect a changing attitude from previous times when “whatever leaders say is correct” was the dominant attitude.
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What is the effect of Village elections according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
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Village elections are another good democratic experiment in cultivating a healthy civil society and a democratic political culture
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According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what is the most important step for successful democratization in China
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Spreading governmental elections from the rural area to cities will be the most important step for successful democratization in China.
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What is signaled by the promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
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The promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen also signals a positive trend in China’s elite- oriented, top-down, democratic transition in the future, although many uncertainties exist.
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According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng when do the Chineese people feel it will be the right time for democracy,
What scar deturs them from urgency? |
If democracy is a good thing, it may come when the time is right. The former Soviet experience does not stand out well in Chinese memory.
In a word, according to the Chinese understanding, democracy is not given by external powers, but is to be taken by the Chinese people themselves at their own pace. |
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According to Jean-Philippe Béja, how did the party seek to redeem its legitimacy after tinamen
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. In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of cooptation of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.
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According to Jean-Philippe Béja how much control does the chineese state maintain over the pollitical field?
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It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.
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According to Jean-Philippe Béja what are two new forms of dissidents in China?
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A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime, while members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.
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According to Jean-Philippe Béja, what did people believe had happened to the regime under Deng?
What made it obvious this was not the case? |
People believed the regime became more lenient and open.
Tinnamen |
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According to the model suggested by Kai He and Huiyun Feng what is most conducive to smooth democratization
|
In the complex democratization model suggested in this article, sustained economic development will be most conducive to smooth democratization.
|
|
|
What role might economic difficulties play?
|
Economic difficulties could both catalyse government tightening of authoritarianism and civilian protest.
|
|
|
Why is the CCP working hard to sustain economic progress?
|
The experience of the former Soviet Union shows that a radical transition triggered by economic crisis may be disastrous for the society. This is one of the reasons that the CCP now is working hard to obtain a soft landing for the heated economy, despite rapid development, and to control rocketing inflation, a volatile stock market, and overheated real estate. The major goal of these efforts is to calm down the restive public and to avoid major social turbulence.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng what will shape the process of democratization?
|
The political struggle between the reform group and the conservative group in China will shape the process of democratization.
|
|
|
What would determine if a Negotiation Pact transition can successfully occur according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng?
|
However, whether the reform group can lead a “negotiation pact” transition is likely to be determined by the support of civil society and a democratic political culture. The maturity of civil society and a free, competitive political culture not only provide incentives and support for the reform group to pursue a democratic transition; they may also be a constraint to keep them on the track of consolidation of democracy.
|
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What can be said of the maturity of Chinas civil society according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
China displays an increasingly mature civil society. Despite strong government control and censorship, there is an ever- increasing number of netizens, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and Internet blogs in China.
|
|
|
What would the effect of a free'er media be according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
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A freer media is more inclined to report and investigate sensitive cases and play a supervisory role.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, are there mediums for the Chineese people to have their voices heard?
|
The public also realizes that it has more channels to let its voices be heard domestically and internationally. The public awareness and willingness to take substantive actions reflect a changing attitude from previous times when “whatever leaders say is correct” was the dominant attitude.
|
|
|
What is the effect of Village elections according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
Village elections are another good democratic experiment in cultivating a healthy civil society and a democratic political culture
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what is the most important step for successful democratization in China
|
Spreading governmental elections from the rural area to cities will be the most important step for successful democratization in China.
|
|
|
According to the model suggested by Kai He and Huiyun Feng what is most conducive to smooth democratization
|
In the complex democratization model suggested in this article, sustained economic development will be most conducive to smooth democratization.
|
|
|
What role might economic difficulties play?
|
Economic difficulties could both catalyse government tightening of authoritarianism and civilian protest.
|
|
|
Why is the CCP working hard to sustain economic progress?
|
The experience of the former Soviet Union shows that a radical transition triggered by economic crisis may be disastrous for the society. This is one of the reasons that the CCP now is working hard to obtain a soft landing for the heated economy, despite rapid development, and to control rocketing inflation, a volatile stock market, and overheated real estate. The major goal of these efforts is to calm down the restive public and to avoid major social turbulence.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng what will shape the process of democratization?
|
The political struggle between the reform group and the conservative group in China will shape the process of democratization.
|
|
|
What would determine if a Negotiation Pact transition can successfully occur according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng?
|
However, whether the reform group can lead a “negotiation pact” transition is likely to be determined by the support of civil society and a democratic political culture. The maturity of civil society and a free, competitive political culture not only provide incentives and support for the reform group to pursue a democratic transition; they may also be a constraint to keep them on the track of consolidation of democracy.
|
|
|
What can be said of the maturity of Chinas civil society according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
China displays an increasingly mature civil society. Despite strong government control and censorship, there is an ever- increasing number of netizens, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and Internet blogs in China.
|
|
|
What would the effect of a free'er media be according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
A freer media is more inclined to report and investigate sensitive cases and play a supervisory role.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, are there mediums for the Chineese people to have their voices heard?
|
The public also realizes that it has more channels to let its voices be heard domestically and internationally. The public awareness and willingness to take substantive actions reflect a changing attitude from previous times when “whatever leaders say is correct” was the dominant attitude.
|
|
|
What is the effect of Village elections according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
Village elections are another good democratic experiment in cultivating a healthy civil society and a democratic political culture
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what is the most important step for successful democratization in China
|
Spreading governmental elections from the rural area to cities will be the most important step for successful democratization in China.
|
|
|
What is signaled by the promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
The promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen also signals a positive trend in China’s elite- oriented, top-down, democratic transition in the future, although many uncertainties exist.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng when do the Chineese people feel it will be the right time for democracy,
What scar deturs them from urgency? |
If democracy is a good thing, it may come when the time is right. The former Soviet experience does not stand out well in Chinese memory.
In a word, according to the Chinese understanding, democracy is not given by external powers, but is to be taken by the Chinese people themselves at their own pace. |
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, how did the party seek to redeem its legitimacy after tinamen
|
. In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of cooptation of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja how much control does the chineese state maintain over the pollitical field?
|
It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja what are two new forms of dissidents in China?
|
A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime, while members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, what did people believe had happened to the regime under Deng?
What made it obvious this was not the case? |
People believed the regime became more lenient and open.
Tinnamen |
|
|
According to the model suggested by Kai He and Huiyun Feng what is most conducive to smooth democratization
|
In the complex democratization model suggested in this article, sustained economic development will be most conducive to smooth democratization.
|
|
|
What role might economic difficulties play?
|
Economic difficulties could both catalyse government tightening of authoritarianism and civilian protest.
|
|
|
Why is the CCP working hard to sustain economic progress?
|
The experience of the former Soviet Union shows that a radical transition triggered by economic crisis may be disastrous for the society. This is one of the reasons that the CCP now is working hard to obtain a soft landing for the heated economy, despite rapid development, and to control rocketing inflation, a volatile stock market, and overheated real estate. The major goal of these efforts is to calm down the restive public and to avoid major social turbulence.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng what will shape the process of democratization?
|
The political struggle between the reform group and the conservative group in China will shape the process of democratization.
|
|
|
What would determine if a Negotiation Pact transition can successfully occur according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng?
|
However, whether the reform group can lead a “negotiation pact” transition is likely to be determined by the support of civil society and a democratic political culture. The maturity of civil society and a free, competitive political culture not only provide incentives and support for the reform group to pursue a democratic transition; they may also be a constraint to keep them on the track of consolidation of democracy.
|
|
|
What can be said of the maturity of Chinas civil society according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
China displays an increasingly mature civil society. Despite strong government control and censorship, there is an ever- increasing number of netizens, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and Internet blogs in China.
|
|
|
What would the effect of a free'er media be according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
A freer media is more inclined to report and investigate sensitive cases and play a supervisory role.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, are there mediums for the Chineese people to have their voices heard?
|
The public also realizes that it has more channels to let its voices be heard domestically and internationally. The public awareness and willingness to take substantive actions reflect a changing attitude from previous times when “whatever leaders say is correct” was the dominant attitude.
|
|
|
What is the effect of Village elections according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
Village elections are another good democratic experiment in cultivating a healthy civil society and a democratic political culture
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what is the most important step for successful democratization in China
|
Spreading governmental elections from the rural area to cities will be the most important step for successful democratization in China.
|
|
|
What is signaled by the promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
The promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen also signals a positive trend in China’s elite- oriented, top-down, democratic transition in the future, although many uncertainties exist.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng when do the Chineese people feel it will be the right time for democracy,
What scar deturs them from urgency? |
If democracy is a good thing, it may come when the time is right. The former Soviet experience does not stand out well in Chinese memory.
In a word, according to the Chinese understanding, democracy is not given by external powers, but is to be taken by the Chinese people themselves at their own pace. |
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, how did the party seek to redeem its legitimacy after tinamen
|
. In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of cooptation of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja how much control does the chineese state maintain over the pollitical field?
|
It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja what are two new forms of dissidents in China?
|
A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime, while members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, what did people believe had happened to the regime under Deng?
What made it obvious this was not the case? |
People believed the regime became more lenient and open.
Tinnamen |
|
|
According to the model suggested by Kai He and Huiyun Feng what is most conducive to smooth democratization
|
In the complex democratization model suggested in this article, sustained economic development will be most conducive to smooth democratization.
|
|
|
What role might economic difficulties play?
|
Economic difficulties could both catalyse government tightening of authoritarianism and civilian protest.
|
|
|
Why is the CCP working hard to sustain economic progress?
|
The experience of the former Soviet Union shows that a radical transition triggered by economic crisis may be disastrous for the society. This is one of the reasons that the CCP now is working hard to obtain a soft landing for the heated economy, despite rapid development, and to control rocketing inflation, a volatile stock market, and overheated real estate. The major goal of these efforts is to calm down the restive public and to avoid major social turbulence.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng what will shape the process of democratization?
|
The political struggle between the reform group and the conservative group in China will shape the process of democratization.
|
|
|
What would determine if a Negotiation Pact transition can successfully occur according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng?
|
However, whether the reform group can lead a “negotiation pact” transition is likely to be determined by the support of civil society and a democratic political culture. The maturity of civil society and a free, competitive political culture not only provide incentives and support for the reform group to pursue a democratic transition; they may also be a constraint to keep them on the track of consolidation of democracy.
|
|
|
What can be said of the maturity of Chinas civil society according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
China displays an increasingly mature civil society. Despite strong government control and censorship, there is an ever- increasing number of netizens, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and Internet blogs in China.
|
|
|
What would the effect of a free'er media be according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
A freer media is more inclined to report and investigate sensitive cases and play a supervisory role.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, are there mediums for the Chineese people to have their voices heard?
|
The public also realizes that it has more channels to let its voices be heard domestically and internationally. The public awareness and willingness to take substantive actions reflect a changing attitude from previous times when “whatever leaders say is correct” was the dominant attitude.
|
|
|
What is the effect of Village elections according to Kai He and Huiyun Feng ?
|
Village elections are another good democratic experiment in cultivating a healthy civil society and a democratic political culture
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng, what is the most important step for successful democratization in China
|
Spreading governmental elections from the rural area to cities will be the most important step for successful democratization in China.
|
|
|
What is signaled by the promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng
|
The promotion of intra-party democracy by Hu and Wen also signals a positive trend in China’s elite- oriented, top-down, democratic transition in the future, although many uncertainties exist.
|
|
|
According to Kai He and Huiyun Feng when do the Chineese people feel it will be the right time for democracy,
What scar deturs them from urgency? |
If democracy is a good thing, it may come when the time is right. The former Soviet experience does not stand out well in Chinese memory.
In a word, according to the Chinese understanding, democracy is not given by external powers, but is to be taken by the Chinese people themselves at their own pace. |
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, how did the party seek to redeem its legitimacy after tinamen
|
. In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of cooptation of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja how much control does the chineese state maintain over the pollitical field?
|
It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja what are two new forms of dissidents in China?
|
A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime, while members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.
|
|
|
According to Jean-Philippe Béja, what did people believe had happened to the regime under Deng?
What made it obvious this was not the case? |
People believed the regime became more lenient and open.
Tinnamen |
