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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Prehension Oral cavity |
Prehension= act of taking food into the mouth Oral cavity = the entrance to the GI tract, located on the head, beneath the nares |
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How do herbivores know what they're eating? |
Whiskers Eyes on lateral side of head Sense of smell |
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What happens to food in the oral cavity? |
Food chewed Tongue pushes the food to the back of the mouth Glottis and epiglottis prevents food entering trachea Food enters oesophagus |
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What happens during chewing? |
Chewing decreases surface area of the food Saliva dissolves some particles, clumps food into a bolus for easier swallowing Herbivores produce more saliva than carnivores |
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What controls entry into the stomach and regurgitation into the oesophagus |
Cardiac sphincter |
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What controls passage of gastric contents into the SI? What is food entering the stomach called? |
Pyloric sphincter Chyme |
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What causes the pyloric sphincter to open? |
Detection of stretch and irritation signals peristalsis. Food is then allowed into the duodenum |
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Where do the pancreatic duct and bile duct open? What neutralises the stomach acid? What secretes the enzymes trypsin, amylase, lipase? What else does bile do? |
Duodenum Bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile The crypts of Lieberkuhn Emulsifies fat and lipase |
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What is the main function of the jejunum and ileum? What provides the large surface area in the SI? |
Digestion and absorption Intestinal villi |
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What is the Caecum used for? |
Carnivores- useless remnant Herbivores- microbes responsible for fermentation of fibre. Hind-gut fermenters like rabbit/horse have enlarged caecum |
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What does the rectum do? |
Lies within the pelvic cavity and stores faeces |
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Name some diseases of the oral cavity |
Dental disease Lips- ulcers, trauma, tumours Gums - gingivitis, stomatitis, tumours, ulcers, traumatic injury Hard palate - stick injuries, shear fractures in cats Fractures |
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Name some diseases of the oesophagus |
Oesophagitis- infection, inflam, trauma, hot/cold/acid ingesta Myasthenia gravis FB Trauma |
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Oesophageal symptoms |
Hypersalivation Inappetence Retching |
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Stomach disorders |
GDV FB Ulceration Infectious diseases Neoplasia Gastritis |
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Stomach symptoms |
Pain retching/vomiting collapse bloating |
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Intestinal diseases |
Enteritis Collitis Intussusception FB Torsion Perforation Prolapse |
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Small intestine symptoms |
Weight loss appetite loss Bleeding into GI tract will be digested = black |
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Large intestine symptoms |
Affects urgency of defecation, ability to pass faeces, tenesmus, constipation, hydration if watery Stools- mucous, GI lining, fresh blood Borborygmi = noise associated with increased GI motility |
