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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does the 'contact period' occur?
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Between HS & FFL
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When does the 'Midstance' occur?
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Between FFL & HL
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When does the 'propulsion period' occur?
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Between HL & TO
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When does the 'swing phase' occur?
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Between TO & HS
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When does the 'stance phase' occur?
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Between HS & TO
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When do both limbs contact the ground in gait?
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Between - RHS & LTO + LHS & RTO
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When does only one limb contact the ground in gait?
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Between - LTO & LHS + RTO & RHS
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What main mm are active in the Contact Period of gait? (HL to TO)
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Long extensors decelerate plantarflexion,
Tibialis posterior decelerates foot pronation, Gastrocnemius decelerates internal tibial rotation |
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What main mm are active in the Propulsion period of gait? (HL to TO)
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Soleus and tibialis posterior assist heel lift
Peroneus longus stabilizes first ray FHL, FHB, AbH, AdH stabilize hallux EHL dorsiflexes hallux |
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What main mm are active in the Midstance period of gait? (FFL to HL)
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Tibialis posterior and soleus start to supinate STJ
Peroneus longus stabilizes first ray Triceps surae decelerates forward displacement of tibia and plantarflex ankle joint |
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What main mm are active in the Swing phase of gait? (FFL to HL)
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Extensors: TA + EHL + EDL (clearance)
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What Occurs in the LL joints 'Pre-Heel Contcat'?
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1. Limb Internally Rotates,
2. Knee extended. 3. AJ slightly dorsiflexed, 4. STJ slightly supinated [tib ant], 5. MTJ: - LA Sup [tib ant] - OA pro [EDL & PT], 6. 1 Ray + Hallux Df [tib ant + EHL] |
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What Occurs at the LL EARLY 'Contact phase' (HS - MS)?
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1. Limb Continues Internal Rotation,
2. Knee Starts to flex (shock absorber), 3. AJ begins to Pf, 4. STJ Starts Pronation - Absorb Leg rotations - Allow foot to become mobile adapter - Eccentric decelaration [TP / Sol / Gas / FHL / EDL], # 5. MTJ: LA - Starts Pronation OA - Remains Pronated [GRF + Tib Ant], 6. Ffoot Smooth landing [Tib Ant + EHL + EDL + PTert] |
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What Occurs at the LL LATE 'Contact phase' (HS - MS)?
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1. Limb Starts External Rotation,
2. Knee Extends [accepts weight from other leg], 3. AJ starts Dffrom Ff Contact, 4. STJ Begins Supination [prep rigid Lever], 5. MTJ: - LA - Almost Full Pronation (Wright et al) - OA - Remains Pronated, 6. Rays Df if sufficient MTJ LA ROM, 7. Tib ant ceases function. |
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What Occurs at the LL over 'Midstance' (FFL - TO)?
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1. Limb Continues External Rotation,
2. Knee Extended, 3. AJ Continues Df to 10 degrees Df, 4. STJ Supination Continues to Neutral Posn, 5. MTJ: - LA - Reaches Max Pronation - OA - Pronated, 6. Rays - N/A |
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What Occurs at the LL at 'Heel Lift'?
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[Not major event]
Produced by: - Fwd trunk momentum (COG over foot) - Calf muscles decelerate Tibia (eccentric contr), - Gastroc continues contraction to: Flex knee, Pf ankle, Flex hip (indirectly) |
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What Occurs at the LL at 'Propulsion' (HL - TO)?
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1. Limb continues external rotation,
2. Knee Flexed, 3. AJ Pf ion, 4. STJ Supination past neutral - [incr Rigid lever position] - thus stabilising the Ffoot joints to deal with incr vertical and sheer forces, 5. MTJ: - LA - Maximally Pronated (peroneals shift Force Lat to Med0 - OA - Starts Supination (to increase arch stability + height, 6. Rays - 1 Ray Pf to allow 90 deg Df ay MPJ, - Toes Df post HL allow PFascia tightening (Ff to Rf - Windlass Mech) |
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What Occurs at the LL at 'Swing Phase'?
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1. Limb Initial: Ext Rotation continuation (clearance)
- to Internal Rotation remainder, 2. Knee Flexed to clear then Extend for HS, 3. AJ PF momentarily after TO then Rapid Df to 5 deg Df position at HS, 4. STJ Pronates - 1st Half : allow ground clearance, Supinates - 2nd Half : to prepare for HS, 5. MTJ: - LA Supinates to neutral, - OA Pronates to pronated position, 6. Rays - 1 Ray Df [EHL + Tib Ant] - Df of AJ + Smooth mm loading |
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What are the stages of the Gait Cycle?
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1. Pre Heel Contact
2. Contact [Early & Late] HS to FFL 3. Midstance [FFL to HL] 4. Heel Lift [HL] 5. Propulsion [HL to TO] 6. Swing Phase [TO to HS] |
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What Occours at the Lower Limb during the Gait Cycle?
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LOWER LIMB:
Pre HS: Internal Rotation, Early Contact: Internal rotation, Late Contact: External rotation, Midstance: External Rotation, Propulsion: External Rotation, Swing: Initial External Rotation to Internal Rotation |
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What Occours at the Knee during the Gait Cycle?
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KNEE:
Pre HS: Full Extension, Early Contact: Flexion, Late Contact: Extends, Midstance: Extended, Propulsion: Flexed, Swing: - Flexed to clear - Extension to prepare for HS |
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What Occours at the AJ during the Gait Cycle?
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AJ:
Pre HS: Slight Df, Early Contact: Begin Pf Late Contact: Pf Midstance: Df to 10 Deg [bodyweight over b4 HL] Propulsion: Pf Swing: Initial Pf to rapid Df to 5 degrees [prep for HS] |
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What Occours at the STJ during the Gait Cycle?
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STJ:
Pre HS: Slightly Supinated Early Contact: Start Pronation Late Contact: Begin Supination [rigid lever prep] Midstance: Continue Supination to Neutral Propulsion: Supination past neutral [rigid lever] Swing Phase: - Pronates 1st half [clearance] - Supinates 2nd half [prep HS] |
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What Occours at the MTJ during the Gait Cycle?
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MTJ:
Pre HS: LA - Supinates OA - Pronates, Early Contact: LA - Start Pronation OA - Pronated Late Contact: LA - Almost Full Pronation OA - Pronated Midstance: LA - Reaches Max Pronation OA - Pronated Propulsion: LA - Max Pronated OA - Start Supination Swing Phase: LA - Supinates to neutral OA - Pronates to pronated position |
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What Occours at the 1-5 Rays during the Gait Cycle?
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Ray 1 - 5:
Pre HS: 1 ray + Hallux = Df Early Contact: Ff Pf eccentrically Late Contact: 1 Ray Df [if sufficient MTJ LA ROM] Midstance: N/A Propulsion: 1 Ray Pf - allowing 90 deg Df of MPJ Swing Phase: Df EHL + EDL assisat Tib Ant - Pf eccentric to allow smooth Ff loading |
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What Occours at the 1 Ray during the Gait Cycle?
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1 Ray
Pre HS: Df Early Contact: Eccentric Pf Late Contact: Df [if sufficient MTJ LA ROM] Midstance: N/A Propulsion: Pf to allow MPJ 90 deg Swing Phase: Df EHL assisat Tib Ant - Pf eccentric to allow smooth Ff loading |
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In propulsion: What does supinating the STJ past neutral do to the FFJ's?
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Stabilises the FFJ's to handle the Vertical + Sheer forces going through them
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What is a common cause of shoe wear at the lateral heel?
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The angle of approach is too steep = Short gait cycle
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Define Gait analysis and some of it's problems?
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Is the 'Dynamic Protion' of foot measures to help decide treatment options
Subjective + Use of treadmills (Reliability & Validity) Looks at whole body not just feet Look for: - Excessive or reduced motion - Abnormal positions - Asymmetry Use Set Form to record aberations |
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What is an 'abductory twist'?
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Ffoot Abduction + Heel adduction at Heel Lift (when timing of foot pronation in midstance is too long)
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What is 'too many toes' due to?
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An Excessively abductory giat pattern
Excessive STJ pronation leading to an increased Ffoot abduction |
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What is a lack of resupination noted by?
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- Heel eversion + Midfoot Collapse in late midstance
- Ffoot Splay - Rolling off Hallux |
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What is a lack of propulsion noted by?
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Not pushing off hallux (kick foot out to clear)
Hip Lift (working hard to walk) |
