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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enlightenment
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A time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; also called the Age of Reasonth
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Thomas Hobbes
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An English thinker who beloved that people needed governments to impose order.
*Believed absolute monarchy was the best form of government |
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John Locke
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An English thinker who believe people were naturally happy, tolerant, and reasonable. Thought that people were born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property and thought the purpose of the government was to protect these rights.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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French philosopher who believed that people were basically born good. Thought society corrupted people. Despised inequality in society. Thought government should work for the benefit of the common good, not for the wealthy few.
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Baron de Montesquieu
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French thinker who believed in the division of power among branches of government to prevent any individual group from bashing its power. Wrote "The Script". Discovered the system of checks and balances.
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Voltaire
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One of the most outspoken French philosophers. Attacked injustice wherever he saw it. Was imprisoned twice and later exiled to England for two years because of this. He continually struggled to fight for justice, religious toleration, and liberty during his entire life.
*Actually named François-Marie Arouet |
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Diderot
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French philosopher who wrote a book called the "Encyclopedia" that explained new ideas about art, science, government, and religion. It's purpose was the promotion of knowledge but it took 27 years to publish because French leaders thought it attacked the church, government, and legal system. Completed the volumes in secret.
*Was an immediate success and helped spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe and to North America |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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A women English writer who wanted equal rights for women. Wrote a book called "Vindication of the Rights of Woman" which argued that if me and women had equal education they would be equal in society.
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Adam Smith
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Scottish economist who used reason to analyze economic systems. Wrote "The Wealth of Nations" where he argued that business activities should take place in a free market.was a strong believer in laissez-faire economics, an economic system that worked without government regulation.
*In French, laissez-faire means "leave alone" |
