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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the endocrine system consist of?
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Ductless glands that release hormones into the blood.
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What are hormones a major regulator of?
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Metabolism, reproduction, growth & development, PH balance, blood pressure, respiration
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Where are the cell receptors for for non steroid hormones?
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cell membranes
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Where are steroid hormone receptors located?
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nucleus
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What do steroid hormones to?
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Cause protein synthesis
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What type of feedback mechanisms do hormones use?
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negative and positive
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What is another name for the anterior pituitary?
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Adenohypophesis
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What does TSH do?
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Stimulates thyroid production of T3 and T4
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hat hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
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TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, Prolactin, and MSH
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What does FSH do?
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Stimulates ovarian follicle growth and estrogen in women.
Stimulates testosterone and sperm in men. |
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What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
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ADH, and Oxytocin
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What does oxytocin do?
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Cause uterine contractions and stimulates breast milk
(positive feedback loops) |
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What does ADH do?
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Increases amount of water reabsorbed by kidneys.
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Where is the thyroid located?
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In the neck
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What does thyroid gland produce?
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Calcitonin, T3, and T4
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What does calcitonin do?
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Controls calcium blood levels
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What does parathyroid hormone do?
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Increases blood calcium
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What is aldosterone and what does it do?
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Its a mineralocorticoid
Increases blood sodium Decreases potassium |
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Where does aldosterone have its effect?
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Kidneys
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What does cortisol do?
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Anti inflammatory
Anti allergy Increases blood glucose (stimulates glucogenesis) |
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Where is cortisol made?
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Adrenal cortec (inner zone)
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What gland releases epinephrine and why?
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Adrenal medulla in response to stress
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What does epinephrine do?
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Reinforces sympathetic nervous system.
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What does glucagon do?
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(made in alpha cells of pancreas)
accelerates liver glycogenolysis increases blood glucose |
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What does insulin do?
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(made in beta cells of pancreas)
decreases blood glucose |
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What happens when there is a decrease in insulin production?
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Diabetes (type I DM)
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What does the ovary secrete?
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estrogen and progesterone
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What does the corpus luteum secrete?
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progesterone and extra estrogen
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What does testosterone do?
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"masculinizing hormone"
made in interstitial cells of testes |
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Where is the thymus gland located and what does it secrete?
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Medios stynum
secretes thymosin |
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What does the placenta secrete?
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estrogen & chorionic gonadotrophin
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Where is the pineal gland and what is another name for it?
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Third ventricle of brain & called the 3rd eye.
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What are non steroid hormones usually made of?
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proteins
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What are characteristics of non steroid hormones?
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Attach to membrane; 2nd messenger mechanism
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What are characteristics of steroid hormones?
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Nucleus receptor
Protein synthesis Pass through the cell membrane |
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What is the function of luteinizing hormone?
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Causes ovulation, testes to secrete testosterone, growth of the egg
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What is another name for lactogenic hormone?
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prolactin
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What is required for T4 production?
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Iodine
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What hormone has the opposite function of calcitonin?
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Parathyroid hormone
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What substance in the blood does aldosterone have an effect on?
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Sodium and potassium
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What hormone seems to influence fat metabolism?
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leptin
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What hormone helps regulate the body's internal clock?
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Melatonin
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What do exocrine glands do?
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Secrete substance into duct.
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What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?
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Neurohypophesis
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What is released by the posterior pituitary?
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ADH & Oxytocin
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What are tropic hormones?
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Stimulates another hormone gland
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What iis diabetes insipidus?
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Hyposecretion of ADH
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What substance is used as a second messenger?
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cAMP
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What is meant by "target organ"?
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The organ of the specific cells hormones are trying to reach
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What are the prostoglandins?
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Tissue hormones
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What are some of the systems they help regulate?
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Respiratory, Reproductive, Cardiac
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What is the function of ACTH?
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Stimulates Adrenal Cortex
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What are mineralocorticoids?
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Hormones that regulate salt and mineral levels. (Aldosterone)
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What are glucocorticoids?
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Regulate blood glucose levels/metabolism (cortisol)
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What is the function of ANH?
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Atrial Naturetic Hormone
Stimulates Sodium loss |
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Where is ANH produced?
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Atria of heart
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