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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DIRECT cellular communication >Transmission >Chemical Mediators >Distribution of Effects |
>Thru gap junctions >Ions, small solutes, lipid-solid materials >Adjacent cells of same type |
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PARACRINE cellular communication >Transmission >Chemical Mediators >Distribution of Effects |
>Thru extracellular fluid >Paracrine FACTORS >local area where [factors] is high, cells have appropriate receptors |
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ENDOCRINE cellular communication >Transmission >Chemical Mediators >Distribution of Effects |
>Thru bloodstream >Hormones >Target cells of specific tissues or organs (w/ receptors) |
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SYNAPTIC cellular communication >Chemical Mediators >Distribution of Effects |
>Across synapses >Neurotransmitters >Very specific target area w/ appropriate cell receptors |
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Hormone derivatives are |
amino acid, peptide, or lipid derivatives |
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Amino acid hormone derivatives |
Thyroid hormones, catecholamines (E, NE, dopamine), melatonin |
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Lipid hormone derivatives |
Eicosanoids, steroids |
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Down-regulation of hormones |
decreased effect of hormone by abolishing/taking up of receptor sites decreased sensitivity to hormone |
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Up-regulation of hormones |
in absence of hormone, sensitivity to hormone increases Increased number of receptor sites |
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Hypothalamus hormones and endocrine control |
SYNTHESIZES ADH, oxytocin --> transported (along neurons in infindibulum) to posterior pituitary SECRETES regulatory hormones to control secretions of anterior pituitary Directly controls adrenal medullae (sympathic nervous system, epi/norepi) |
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Hypophyseal portal system |
Capillary netwroks connecting hypothalamus & pituitary "one way" Supplied by superior (feeds anterior pituitary) and inferior (feeds posterior pituitary) hypophyseal arteries |
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Portal vessels |
Blood vessels that link 2 capillary networks In hypophyseal portal system, called portal veins that link lobes |
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Regulatory hormones secreted by hypothalamus |
Transported to anterior lobe. Releasing hormone Inhibiting hormone Controls anterior pituitary endocrine cells |
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Anterior pituitary hormones |
Tropic hormones TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) LH (Lutenizing hormone) GH (Growth hormone) PRL (Prolactin) MSH (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone) |
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Posterior pituitary hormones |
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) OXT (Oxytocin) |
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TSH |
Thyroid stimulating hormone Anterior pituitary TRH-->TSH-->TH Released in response to TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) Causes release of TH (thyroid hormone, T3/T4) inc. TH causes dec. TRH&TSH (neg. feedback) Target organ = thyroid |
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ACTH |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Anterior pituitary CRH-->ACTH Stimulates release of steroids from adrenal cortex (epinephrine & norepinephrine) Target organ = adrenal gland |
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FSH |
Follicle stimulating hormone Anterior pituitary Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and sperm Stimulates gonads to release hormones Target organ = gonads |
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LH |
Lutenizing hormone Anterior pituitary Ovulation Allows release of estrogen/progesterone and testosterone Target organ = ovaries and testes |
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GH |
Growth hormone Anterior pituitary Accelerates rate of protein synthesis --> stimulates cell growth Multi organ target |
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PRL |
Prolactin Anterior pituitary Development of mammary glands Milk production (BUT OXT for milk letdown) Target organ = mammary glands/breasts |
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MSH |
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Anterior pituitary Inc. melanocyte production Target = mekanicyte cells |
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ADH |
AntiDiuretic hormone Posterior pituitary Causes kidneys to retain water & dec. urination Responds to osmoreceptors Target organ = kidneys Results - vasoconstriction, dec [electrolytes] |
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OXT |
Oxytocin Posterior pituitary Stimulates smooth contraction of uterus wall during birth "Love hormone" "Milk letdown" (BUT need PRL to produce milk) Target oragns = uterus and prostate gland |
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Neg. Feedback Loop |
Production of final hormone from target organ imhibits release of the hormone whihc stimulated its production |
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Parathyroid chief cells |
Produce PTH |
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PTH |
Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland Elevates blood [Ca2+] Takes blood from digestive tract, bone, kidneys Inc digestion, dec kidney excretion (Kidneys release calcitrol), inc. osteoclast activity (lose bone mass) |
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Osteoporosis |
Lack of collagen! Bones become brittle (Lack of estrogen = lack of collagen in bone) |
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Osteomelacia |
"marshmallow bone" Lack of calcium! Bones bend and compress Cant support weight |
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Remembering pituitary hormones |
All The Little Fish Play Good Many Are Odd |
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Calcitonin |
Decreases blood [Ca2+] Inhibits oseoclast activity, dec digestion of Ca, increase kidney excretion |
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Thyroid gland |
Calcitonin Thyroid hormone |
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Adrenal glands |
Corticosteroids Epinephrin, Norepinephrine |
