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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Target Cells
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Periperal cells that can respond to a particular hormone.
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Hormone Receptor
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A protein in the cell membrane, or within the cytoplasm or nucleus, to which a hormone specifically binds to trigger its actions on a target cell.
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Extracellular Receptors
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Located in cell membrane, targeted by amino acid derivatives, peptides, and eicosanoids; also operates through a second messenger such as cyclic-AMP.
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Intracellular Receptors
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Located in cytoplasm or nucleus, targeted by steroid and thyroid hormones, operates through changes in gene expression, thyroid hormones can also act on mitochondria.
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Triggers thyroid hormone release.
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
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Stimulates glucocorticoid release from adrenal gland.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Stimulates estrogen secretion, egg production (females), sperm production (males).
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Triggers ovulation, progestin production (females), androgen production (males).
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Stimulates mammary gland development and milk secretion.
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Growth Hormone (hGH)
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Stimulates cell growth via somatomedins released from liver.
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
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Uncertain significance in healthy adults.
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Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
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Reduces water loss in the urine, and increases thirst.
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Oxytocin
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Stimulates uterine contraction, milk delivery; also stimulates prostate gland smooth muscle.
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C Cells
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Scattered outside of follicle epithelium, secrete calcitonin.
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Adrenal Gland
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Made of two parts: Adrenal Cortex (outer) and Adrenal Medulla (inner).
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
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Uncertain significance in healthy adults.
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Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
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Reduces water loss in the urine, and increases thirst.
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Oxytocin
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Stimulates uterine contraction, milk delivery; also stimulates prostate gland smooth muscle.
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C Cells
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Scattered outside of follicle epithelium, secrete calcitonin.
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Adrenal Gland
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Made of two parts: Adrenal Cortex (outer) and Adrenal Medulla (inner).
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Glucocorticoids
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Stimulated by ACTH and affects glucose metabolism.
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Mineralocorticoids
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Stimulated by aniotensin II and restricts loss of water, Na+ in urine, sweat, digestive tract, saliva.
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Androgens
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Male hormones
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Adrenal Medulla
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Produces two related hormones: Epinephrine(adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
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Pineal Gland
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Third ventricle in the brain; synthesizes melatonin.
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Insulin
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produced by beta cells; lowers blood glucose concentration, increases glucose uptake, storage, and use by target cells, also targets liver, muscle, and fat cells.
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Glucagon
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Produced by alpha cells; raises blood glucose concentration, increases glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis, also targets liver cells.
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Kidneys
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Secretes 3 hormones:
Calcitrol, Erythropoietin(EPO), and renin. |
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Heart
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Specialized muscle cell secrete atrial matriuetic peptide (ANP) to lower blood volume or blood pressure.
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Thymus
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Secretes thyomosins that control immune system defenses.
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Adipose Tissue (fat cells)
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Secretes leptin to control appetite, secretes resistin to reduce insulin response.
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Testis (male gonad)
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Interstitial cells secrete androgens (testosterone); sustentacular cells secrete inhibin.
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Ovary (female gonad)
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Follicle cells secrete estrogens and inhibin; also corpus luteum cells secrete estrogens and progesterone.
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Placenta
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Secretes several hormones in pregnancy.
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Hormones and Behavior:
-Sex Hormones -Thyroid Hormones -Antidiuretic Hormones |
-Testosterone fosters aggresiveness; estrogen fosters sexual receptivity
-Excess leads to nervousness, restlessness; deficiency leads to sluggishness -leads to feeling thirst, water intake. |
