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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the Endocrine System?
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Hormone which are chemical messengers released into the blood to be transported throughout the body, cellular receptor initiates responses that occur after a lag period of seconds
or even days. |
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What is a Gland?
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A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid
Classified by: A.) Site of product release – endocrine or exocrine B.) Relative number of cells forming the gland – unicellular or multicellular |
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Endocrine vs. Exocrine
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The difference between both are:
1.) Endocrine glands are ductless, they release the product directly into the blood 2.) Exocrine glands release their products at the body’s surface or outside an epithelial membrane via duct |
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Which two (2) organs produce BOTH Endocrine & Exocrine products?
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The Pancreas & the Gonads
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What do we call the products of the Endocrine glands?
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HORMONES: chemical “messengers” that helps to coordinate and integrate the activity of the body
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What are the functions of Hormones?
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- Regulate the metabolic function of other cells
- Have lag times ranging from seconds to hours - Tend to have prolonged effects |
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Name three (3) classes of Hormones
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1.) Amino acid based
2.) Steroids 3.) Eicosanoids |
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Most hormones belong to this class, including:
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Amino acid based class, including:
Amines, thyroxine, peptide, and protein hormones |
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Which hormones belong to the Steroid class?
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Gonadal and Adrenocortical Hormones
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Which hormones belong to the Eicosanoid class?
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Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins
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Hormone Action:
By which mechanisms do Hormones alter target cell activity? |
- Second messengers involving:
Regulatory G proteins Amino acid–based hormones - Direct gene activation involving steroid hormones |
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How are blood levels of hormones controlled?
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by negative feedback systems
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Hormones are synthesized and released in response to:
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1.) Humoral stimuli [parathyroid gland]
2.) Neural stimuli [ medulla of Adren.G-secret cateco. {epinephrine .and norep.} 3.) Hormonal stimuli [ Hypotha.secret Hormones that estimulate ant.pituitary G.] |
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What secretory product/ hormone does the Pineal Gland produce?
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Melatonin
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What is the function of Melatonin?
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Melatonin is involved with:
- Day / night cycles - Physiological processes that show rhythmic variations (body temperature, sleep, appetite) |
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What two (2) functions does the Hypothalamus have?
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The Hypothalamus has both neural and hormonal release functions
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Where is the Pituitary gland/ Hypophysis located?
And What is it composed of? |
The pituitary gland is located in the concavity of the Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid Bone.
It is composed of two functional lobes: Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis |
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How many lobes does the Pituitary Gland have & how many major hormones does it produce?
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Two (2) lobes & it produces nine (9) major hormones.
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Neurohypophysis is located in the __________ lobe (neural tissue) and the ____________ and it's function is to:
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Posterior; Infundibulum
Receive, store, and release hormones from the hypothalamus |
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Adenohypophysis is located in the __________ lobe, & is made up of ____________ tissue and it's function is to:
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anterior; glandular
Synthesize and Secrete a number of hormones |
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TSH stands for:
What is it's function? |
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
- It influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland. |
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ACTH stands for:
What is it's function? |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
- Regulate the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland |
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FSH stands for:
LH Stands for: What do they BOTH regulate? |
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone - They both regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads (ovaries and testes). |
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List the Adenophypophysis
Hormones. |
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, PRL
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GH stands for:
What is it's funtion? |
Growth Hormone
- It is a general metabolic hormone that plays and important role in determining body size. |
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PRL stands for:
What is it's function? |
Prolactin
Stimulates breast development and promote and maintains lactation by the mammary glands after childbirth. It may stimulate testosterone production in males. |
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What is the Posterior Pituitary made up of & what does it store?
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Axons of Hypothalamic Neurons; stores Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
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Where are ADH and Oxytocin synthesized?
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in the Hypothalamus
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What does ADH influence?
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Water balance
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What does Oxytocin stimulate?
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smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus
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