The Endocrine Glands

Front 1

pituitary gland

Back 1

hypophysis is located at the base of the brain.

it is attached to the hypothalamus by a narrow stalk called the "infundibulum" and lays within a bony cavity formed by the stella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

the pituitary glad produces many hormones, some of which control the activity of the several other endrcrine glands. it therby influences a wide range of body functions.

the pituitary gland consists of two portions, a posterior and anterior lobe.

Front 2

anterior lobe, pituitary

Back 2

within the epithelium are five different types of secretory cells that release seven types of hormones.

the release of the hormones is controlled by chemical secretions from the hypothalamus, called "regulating factors"

Front 3

growth hormone

Back 3

on a more short-term basis, the nutritional status of your body affects the release of GH in order to maintain a relatively constant blood sugar level.

high levels of sugar in the blood cause the opposite effect (GH is inhibited)

Front 4

when sugar levels are low, a condition called __________ exits and the hypothalamus is situated to release regulating factors.

Back 4

hypoglycemia

Front 5

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Back 5

stimulates the production of melatonin in the skin causing the skin to increase in pigmentation

Front 6

prolactin

Back 6

in combination with other hormones, stimulates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands in the females.

the actual ejection of milk is controlled by a hormone released called oxytocin.

the combination secretion and ejection of milk from mammary glands is an activity referred to as "lactation"

Front 7

what is the name of the hormone that controls the breast milk ejection

Back 7

oxytocin

Front 8

thyroid- stimulating hormone

Back 8

the production and secretion of hormone by the thyroid gland.

it is influences the body's metabolic rate, levels in the blood of a thyroid hormone called "thyroxine" and other factors.

Front 9

what does "T3" stand for within the thyroid gland

Back 9

thyroxine

Front 10

what does "T4" stand for within the thyroid gland

Back 10

triiodothronine

Front 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Back 11

the production and secretion of hormones released by the outer region or, "cortex" of the adrenal gland).

it release is also influences by various forms of stress

Front 12

follice-stimulating hormone

Back 12

in females, the development of eggs, or ova, each month within the overies.

in males, the production of sperm by the testes.

is controlled by regulating factors released from the hypothalamus is response to estrogen in females, and to testosterone in male, in the manner of a negative feedback system

Front 13

oxytocin

Back 13

stimulates contractions of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus.

it also stimulates cells around mammary ducts to contract, therby causing milk to eject

Front 14

luteinizing hormone

Back 14

different role in each two sexes, females works together with estrogen to stimulate the ovary to release an ovum and prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilizing ovum.

with males stimulates the testes to produce and secrete testosterone.

secretion is controlled in the hypothalamus by the way of negative feedback system.

Front 15

anti-diuretic hormon

Back 15

regulates fluid balance in the body. causes a decrease in urine output and an increase in body fluid

Front 16

where is the thyroid gland located in the body

Back 16

in the neck, slightly below the larynx in front of the trachea

Front 17

what are the three primary hormones in the thyroid gland?

Back 17

t3 - triiodothyronine

t4 - throxine

catcitonin

Front 18

throxine and triiodothronine also play an important role in the bodys....

Back 18

metabolism and growth

Front 19

calcitonin

Back 19

reduces e levels in the calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

Front 20

parathyroid gland is shaped like what?

and how many of them are there?

Back 20

four or five pea-shaped mases of glandular epithelium

Front 21

parathyroid hormone plays an important role in...

Back 21

maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

Front 22

adrenal glands

Back 22

are paired, triangular masses that lie on top of each other.

like kidneys, they are located behind the membrane that encloses the abdominal cavity, which is called the peritoneum

Front 23

adrenal medulla

Back 23

composed of modified nerve tissue, it secretes two hormones:

1. epiephrine

2. norepiephrine

Front 24

adrenal cortex

Back 24

it occupies the larger portion of the adrenal gland.

the secretory cells in each one of the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones.

these hormones are synthesized from cholesterol.

Front 25

the three compounds of the adrenal cortex include:

Back 25

1. mineralocorticoids

2. glucocorticoids

3. sex hormones

Front 26

the primary mineralococorticoids is...

Back 26

the primary name is aldosterone

Front 27

sex hormones

Back 27

two classes of released by the adrenal cortex are "androgens" which have a masulizing effect,

and "estrongen" which have a feminizing effect

Front 28

glucagon

Back 28

stimulates the conversation of glycose

Front 29

insulin

Back 29

has the opposite of glucagon to that of glucagon on liver cells.

insulin stimulates the formation of glucogen from glucose.

Front 30

pancreas

Back 30

is a soft, oblong organ located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach

Front 31

pancreas

Back 31

secretes two important hormones into the blood stream.

Front 32

pancreas

Back 32

is also a digestive organ because of its secretion of digestive enzymes into ducts that empty into the small intestine

Front 33

the endocrine cells of the pancreas form clusters called the__________

Back 33

islets of langerhans

Front 34

gonads

Back 34

sex oragns, females the overies secrete estrogen. in males the testes secrete testostrone

Front 35

pineal gland

Back 35

small structure within the cranial cavity associated with the brain.

Front 36

the pineal gland is sometimes called that...

Back 36

epithalamus,

because it is attached to the upper margin of the thalamus

Front 37

the pineal gland secretes the hormone

Back 37

melatonin

Front 38

thymas gland

Back 38

is a prominet structure in infants and young children but diminshes in size with advancing age.

a soft irregular shaped structure that lies in the mediastinum on the top of the heart.

Front 39

the thymus gland secretes the hormone

Back 39

thymosin

Front 40

the thymus gland plays an important role in the...

Back 40

immunity

Front 41

the pituitary, anterior portion secretes the hormone

Back 41

growth hormone

Front 42

the pituitary, posterior portion secretes the hormone

Back 42

anti-diuretic

Front 43

the hypothalamus secretes the hormone

Back 43

oxytocin

Front 44

the thyroid secretes the hormone

Back 44

t3/t4 + calcitonin

Front 45

the parathyroid secretes the hormone

Back 45

parathyroid hormone PTH

Front 46

the adrenal cortex secretes the hormone

Back 46

glucocorticoids

Front 47

the adrenal medulla secretes the hormone

Back 47

epinephrine

Front 48

the pancreas secretes the hormone

Back 48

insulin

Front 49

the overies secrete the hormone

Back 49

estrogen

Front 50

the testes secrete the hormone

Back 50

testostrone