The Digestive System: Chapter 16

Front 1

Bile

Back 1

Exocrine secretion of the liver that is stored in the gallbladder and ejected into the duodenum

Front 2

Chylomicrons

Back 2

Synthesized and released by intestinal cells and transport to the venous blood via the lymphatic system

Front 3

Chyme

Back 3

Semifluid mixture of ingested food and digestive secretions that is in the stomach and proximal small intestine as digestion proceeds

Front 4

Defecation Reflex

Back 4

The defecation reflex is an involuntary response of the lower bowels to various stimuli, promoting a bowel movement

Front 5

Digestion

Back 5

The chemical breakdown of ingested materials into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the cells of the digestive tract

Front 6

Duodenum

Back 6

The proximal 25 cm of the small intestine that contains short villi and submucosal glands

Front 7

Esophagus

Back 7

A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Front 8

Gallbladder

Back 8

Pear-shaped reservoir for the bile secreted by the liver

Front 9

Gastric Glands

Back 9

Tubular glands of the stomach whose cells produce acid, enzymes, inhibitory peptide

Front 10

Lacteal

Back 10

A terminal lymphatic within an intestinal villus

Front 11

Liver

Back 11

An organ of the digestive system with varied and vital functions, including the production of plasma proteins, the excretion of bile, the storage of energy reserves, the detoxification of poisons, and the interconversion of nutrients

Front 12

Mesentery

Back 12

A double layer of serous membrane that supports and stabilizes the position of an organ in the abdominopelvic cavity and provides a route for the associated blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Front 13

Mucosa

Back 13

A mucous membrane; the epithelium plus the lamina propria

Front 14

Pancreas

Back 14

Digestive organ containing exocrine and endocrine tissues; exocrine portion secretes pancreatic juice, and the endocrine portion secretes hormones

Front 15

Pancreatic Juice

Back 15

A mixture of buffers and digestive enzymes that is discharged into the duodenum under the stimulation of the enzymes secretin and cholecystokinin

Front 16

Peristalsis

Back 16

A wave of smooth muscle contractions that propels materials along the axis of a tube such as the digestive tract, the ureters, or the ductus deferens

Front 17

Stomach

Back 17

Located within the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity, receives food from the esophagus; where the breakdown of food begins

Front 18

Teeth

Back 18

Performs mastication (chewing) of food

Front 19

Villus/Villi

Back 19

A slender projection of the mucous membrane of the small intestine

Front 20

Ascites

Back 20

The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity following its leakage across the serous membranes of the liver and viscera

Front 21

Achalasia

Back 21

A condition that results when a bolus cannot reach the stomach due to constriction of the lower espohageal sphincter

Front 22

Cholecytitis

Back 22

Inflammation of the gallbladder due to a blockage of the cystic or common bile duct by gallstones

Front 23

Chloelitiasis

Back 23

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

Front 24

Cirrhosis

Back 24

Disease characterized by the widespread destruction of hepatocytes resulting from exposure to drugs, viral infection, ischemia, or blockage of the hepatic ducts

Front 25

Colectomy

Back 25

The removal of all or a portion of the colon

Front 26

Colonoscope

Back 26

A fiber-optic device for examining the interior of the colon

Front 27

Colostomy

Back 27

The attachment of the cut end of the colon to an opening in the body wall after a colectomy

Front 28

Esophagitis

Back 28

Inflammation of the esophagus

Front 29

Gallstones

Back 29

Deposits of minerals, bile salts, and cholesterol that form if bile becomes too concentrated

Front 30

Gastrectomy

Back 30

The surgical removal of the stomach

Front 31

Gastroenteritis

Back 31

A condition characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and resulting from bacterial toxins, viral infections, or various posions

Front 32

Gastroenterology

Back 32

The study of the digestive system and its diseases and disorders

Front 33

Hepatitis

Back 33

a virus-induced disease of the liver

Front 34

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Back 34

A chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, more commonly affecting the colon

Front 35

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Back 35

A disorder characterized by diarrhea, constipation, or both alternately.

Front 36

Laparoscopy

Back 36

The use of flexible fiber-optic instrument introduced through the abdominal wall to permit direct visualization of the viscera, tissue sampling, and limited surgical procedures.

Front 37

Liver Biopsy

Back 37

A sample of the liver tissue, general taken by inserting a long needle through the anterior abdominal wall

Front 38

Perforated Ulcer

Back 38

A particularly dangerous ulcer in which gastric acids erode through the wall of the digestive tract, allowing its contents to enter the peritoneal cavity

Front 39

Periodontal Disease

Back 39

A loosening of the teeth within the bony sockets (alveolar sockets) caused by erosion of the periodontal ligaments by acids produced through the bacterial action

Front 40

Peritonitis

Back 40

Inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

Front 41

Polyps

Back 41

Small mucosal tumors that grow from the intestinal wall