The Digestive System

Front 1

The two main functions of the digestive system are

Back 1

digestion and absorption

Front 2

The digestive system consists of the gastronintestinal tract, which is a muscular tube whose length is

Back 2

29.5 feet

Front 3

The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract is a mucous membrane known as the

Back 3

mucosa

Front 4

The submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract contains

Back 4

lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and nerves

Front 5

The major typ of muscle in the gastrointestinal tract is

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smooth muscle

Front 6

The outer layer of the gastrointestinal tract is known as the

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serous layer or serosa

Front 7

The major portion of the mouth consists of a chamber known as the

Back 7

oral cavity

Front 8

Connections of the tongue to the floor of the mouth are made by a gold of tissue known as

Back 8

the frenulum

Front 9

On either side of the tongue within the tongue papillae are a series of

Back 9

taste buds

Front 10

One of the major functions of the tongue is to work with saliva to form food into a mass called

Back 10

the bolus

Front 11

The "baby" teeth are more correctly called

Back 11

deciduous teeth

Front 12

In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is

Back 12

32

Front 13

Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are

Back 13

cuspids

Front 14

Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as

Back 14

incisors

Front 15

The three basic regions of a tooth include the

Back 15

crown, neck, and the root

Front 16

The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the

Back 16

enamel

Front 17

The largest portion of the tooth is made up of

Back 17

dentin

Front 18

The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the

Back 18

pulp

Front 19

Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland, known as the

Back 19

submandibular gland

Front 20

Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the

Back 20

sublingual gland

Front 21

The "baby" teeth are more correctly called

Back 21

deciduous teeth

Front 22

In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is

Back 22

32

Front 23

Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are

Back 23

cuspids

Front 24

Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as

Back 24

incisors

Front 25

The three basic regions of a tooth include the

Back 25

crown, neck, and the root

Front 26

The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the

Back 26

enamel

Front 27

The largest portion of the tooth is made up of

Back 27

dentin

Front 28

The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the

Back 28

pulp

Front 29

Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland, known as the

Back 29

submandibular gland

Front 30

Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the

Back 30

sublingual gland

Front 31

The "baby" teeth are more correctly called

Back 31

deciduous teeth

Front 32

In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is

Back 32

32

Front 33

Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are

Back 33

cuspids

Front 34

Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as

Back 34

incisors

Front 35

The three basic regions of a tooth include the

Back 35

crown, neck, and the root

Front 36

The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the

Back 36

enamel

Front 37

The largest portion of the tooth is made up of

Back 37

dentin

Front 38

The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the

Back 38

pulp

Front 39

Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland, known as the

Back 39

submandibular gland

Front 40

Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the

Back 40

sublingual gland

Front 41

The "baby" teeth are more correctly called

Back 41

deciduous teeth

Front 42

In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is

Back 42

32

Front 43

Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are

Back 43

cuspids

Front 44

Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as

Back 44

incisors

Front 45

The three basic regions of a tooth include the

Back 45

crown, neck, and the root

Front 46

The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the

Back 46

enamel

Front 47

The largest portion of the tooth is made up of

Back 47

dentin

Front 48

The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the

Back 48

pulp

Front 49

Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland, known as the

Back 49

submandibular gland

Front 50

Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the

Back 50

sublingual gland

Front 51

The "baby" teeth are more correctly called

Back 51

deciduous teeth

Front 52

In a permanent set of teeth, the full number is

Back 52

32

Front 53

Those teeth specialized for grasping and tearing food are

Back 53

cuspids

Front 54

Large pieces of food are bitten off by teeth known as

Back 54

incisors

Front 55

The three basic regions of a tooth include the

Back 55

crown, neck, and the root

Front 56

The hardest substance in the body is found at the outside surface of the tooth and is known as the

Back 56

enamel

Front 57

The largest portion of the tooth is made up of

Back 57

dentin

Front 58

The blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues of the tooth are located within the

Back 58

pulp

Front 59

Within the cheeks of the head, below the ears is the largest salivary gland, known as the

Back 59

submandibular gland

Front 60

Lying under the tongue in the floor of the mouth is the salivary gland called the

Back 60

sublingual gland

Front 61

An enzyme found within the saliva assists the breakdown of carbohydrates and is known as

Back 61

salivary amylase

Front 62

The lymphatic vessels located on the soft palate are called

Back 62

tonsils

Front 63

The digestion of starch results in a disaccharide known as

Back 63

maltose

Front 64

Food passes into the stomach from the pharynx to a tube known as the

Back 64

esophagus

Front 65

Swallowing is a process more correctly known as

Back 65

deglutition

Front 66

The series of wavelike contractions that brings food into the stomach is called

Back 66

peristalsis

Front 67

The circular muscle at the beginning of the stomach is the lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter, while the circular muscle at the end of the stomach is the

Back 67

pyloric sphincter

Front 68

The narrow, far region of the stomach is the

Back 68

pylorus

Front 69

The cells within the gastric glands that produce digestive enzymes are known as

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chief cells

Front 70

The most important acid for digestion taking place in the stomach is

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hydrochloric acid

Front 71

The enzymes of the stomach do not digest the stomach wall because the wall is protected by

Back 71

mucous

Front 72

The main protein-digesting enzyme in the stomach is known as

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pepsin

Front 73

The digestion of proteins in the stomach

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peptides

Front 74

The hormone regulating the activity of gastric glands is

Back 74

gastrin

Front 75

A variety of enzymes enter the duodenum from a large gland known as the

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pancreas

Front 76

The enzyme trypsin works on organic substance called

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proteins

Front 77

Nucleic acids are digested into their component nucleotides by enzymes known as

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nucleases

Front 78

In the duodenum, the acidity of the small intestine's contents is neutralized by

Back 78

bicarbonate ions

Front 79

Before fats can be digested into their component fatty acids, they must be broke into smaller globules by the liver substance called

Back 79

bile

Front 80

The pancreatic enzyme responsible for digesting fats is known as

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lipase

Front 81

The second part of the small intestine and the place where most absorption occurs is the

Back 81

jejunum

Front 82

The products of fat digestion are absorbed into lympatic vessels called

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lacteals

Front 83

The ATP-requiring method for the transport of substances from the small intestine to the blood vessels is known as

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active transport

Front 84

The short wormlike extension of tissue where the small and large intestines meet is called the

Back 84

appendix

Front 85

The last few inches of the colon that terminates at the anus is the

Back 85

rectum

Front 86

A major function of the large intestine is to reabsorb

Back 86

ions and water

Front 87

The largest gland in the body and source of bile is the

Back 87

liver

Front 88

For use in the digestive process, bile is stored in a sac called the

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gallbladder

Front 89

What are the basic function of the oral cavity?

Back 89

mechanically digest foods, lubricate foods, and digest certain carbohydrates

Front 90

What does the fold of tissue called the frenulum connect?

Back 90

the tongue to the floor of the oral cabity

Front 91

What are the three main regions of the stomach?

Back 91

cardia, fundus, and pylorus

Front 92

What hormone regulates the activity of the gastric glands?

Back 92

gastrin

Front 93

What are the lesser and greater omentums?

Back 93

extensions of the peritoneum attached to the stomach

Front 94

Where are bicarbonate ions that neutralize stomach acidity provided to the duodenum from?

Back 94

both pancreatic juice and bile

Front 95

What are the regions of the small intestine?

Back 95

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Front 96

Bile, formed in the liver, assists in what?

Back 96

emulsification of fats

Front 97

Where does most absorption occur?

Back 97

in the jejunum

Front 98

The products of fat digestion are absorbed into vessels of the

Back 98

lymphatic system

Front 99

Two major methods for absorption of the products of digestion are

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active transport and diffesion

Front 100

The large intestine is so-named because it exveeds the small intestine in

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diameter

Front 101

Where the small intestine meets the large intestine, there is a colon section known as the

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cecum

Front 102

An important function of the large intestine is to

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absorb water and vitamins

Front 103

The liver receives materials absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract through a subdivision of the circulatory system called the

Back 103

hepatic portal system

Front 104

The process of glycogenolysis involves the

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synthesis of glycogen

Front 105

The process of deamination results in the

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breakdown of amino acids

Front 106

The pancreas is located close to the

Back 106

stomach

Front 107

The outer layer of the gastrointestinal tract is composed of the

Back 107

visceral peritoneum

Front 108

The tongue is composed of --- covered by a mucous membrane

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(skeletal muscle)

Front 109

Teeth that are specialized for grinding are called

Back 109

bicuspids

Front 110

The hardest substance in the boy and substance found at the outer surface of the tooth is the

Back 110

enamel

Front 111

The parotid gland is the largest ----- gland and is draine by the parotid duct into the oral duct

Back 111

salivary

Front 112

The salivary gland located under the tongue is the

Back 112

sublingual gland

Front 113

The palantine and pharygealtonsils are located on the posterior wall of the

Back 113

pharynx

Front 114

The approximate length of the esophagus is

Back 114

10 inches

Front 115

Peristalis brings the bolus of food through the esophagus to the

Back 115

cardiac or lower esophageal phincter

Front 116

The internal suface of the stomach has many folds called

Back 116

rugae

Front 117

The only organic material digested in the stomach is

Back 117

protein

Front 118

Enzymes that function in the stomach are produced primarily by the

Back 118

chief cells

Front 119

For the absorption of vitamin B12, what substance is required?

Back 119

intrinsic factor

Front 120

Most digestion occurs int he

Back 120

stomach

Front 121

The parotid gland is the largest ----- gland and is draine by the parotid duct into the oral duct

Back 121

salivary

Front 122

The salivary gland located under the tongue is the

Back 122

sublingual gland

Front 123

The palantine and pharygealtonsils are located on the posterior wall of the

Back 123

pharynx

Front 124

The approximate length of the esophagus is

Back 124

10 inches

Front 125

Peristalis brings the bolus of food through the esophagus to the

Back 125

cardiac or lower esophageal phincter

Front 126

The internal suface of the stomach has many folds called

Back 126

rugae

Front 127

The only organic material digested in the stomach is

Back 127

protein

Front 128

Enzymes that function in the stomach are produced primarily by the

Back 128

chief cells

Front 129

For the absorption of vitamin B12, what substance is required?

Back 129

intrinsic factor

Front 130

Most digestion occurs in the

Back 130

stomach

Front 131

The enzymes trypsin and peptidase are responsible for the breakdown of

Back 131

proteins

Front 132

The common bile duct enters the duodenum superior

Back 132

heptopancreatic ampulla

Front 133

The products of protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid digestion enter the

Back 133

capillaries

Front 134

Much of the process of absorption takes place by the process of

Back 134

active transport

Front 135

The small and large intestines meet in the lower right quadrant of the

Back 135

abdomen

Front 136

The large intestine and small intestine meet in the lower right quardrant of the

Back 136

abdomen

Front 137

What can the larges intestine be subdivided to

Back 137

ascending, transverse, descending , and sigmoidal

Front 138

Two important cells of the liver are the

Back 138

hepatocytes and reticuloendothelial cells

Front 139

The duct that drains the gallbladder is known as the

Back 139

cystic duct

Front 140

The proteins fibrinogen and prothrombin that are used in blood clotting are synthesized in the

Back 140

liver