Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the two types of digestion? What is the difference. |
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food and chemical digestion is chemical breakdown of food. |
|
|
What is the first stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Mouth Teeth grind the food into smaller pieces- mechanical digestion as the food is being physically broken down Smaller food pieces have a large surface area helping enzymes Saliva from salivary glands is added, containing enzymes Enzyme is amylase, converts long starch molecules into maltose (two glucose molecules in a chain) |
|
|
What is the second stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Oesophagus/gullet Muscles help to move the food to the stomach, peristalsis Mechanical digestion |
|
|
What is the third stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Stomach HCl is added to kill bacteria Stomach muscles churn up food, mechanial digestion Pepsin enzymes convert proteins into peptides |
|
|
What is the fourth stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Duodenum (first part of small intestine) Enzymes from the pancreas are added (amylase, maltase, peptidase, trypsin and lipase) Bile (alkaline) is added for neutralisation Bile turns lipid globules into tiny droplets with large surface areas for increased enzyme effienciency Chemical digestion |
|
|
What is the fifth stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Ileum (small intestine) Covered with villi and microvilli Soluble molecules pass through villi into blood stream; absorption Digested food molecules that have been absorbed are distributed around the body and are absorbed into tissues; assimilation Chemical digestion More enzymes breaking down longer chains of molecules |
|
|
What is the sixth stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Colon (large intestine) Removes water from waste |
|
|
What is the seventh stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Rectum Faeces is stored here |
|
|
What is the eigth stage of digestion? Is this mechanical, chemical or both? What organs/parts of the digestive system are in use here? Key words? |
Anus Faeces is removed from the body via egestion |
|
|
Complete the sentence. Bile is made in the _________ and stored in the _________. |
liver, gall bladder |
|
|
Complete the sentences. _________ breaks down long chains of starch molecules into ___________, which is made up of two _________ molecules. The enzyme __________ splits the ____________ into glucose. Proteins are broken down into peptides by the enzymes ___________ and ____________. The peptides are then broken down by _____________ into ____________. Lipids are broken down by __________ into ___________________. |
Amylase, maltose, glucose Maltase, maltose Pepsin, trypsin Peptidase, amino acids Lipase, glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
|
|
What are enzymes? |
Biological catalysts |
|
|
What is meant by the term 'denature'. How does this happen? |
The active site of the enzyme changes shape, and so cannot join with the substrate to form the enzyme substrate complex. This happens when the enzyme gets to hot or the pH is too high. |
|
|
Suggest a test to see if something contains starch. |
Iodine will turn black-blue in the presence of starch. |
|
|
Suggest a test to see if something contains glucose. |
Heat the something with Benedict's solution; it will turn from blue to orange. |
|
|
What is emulsification?
|
the breakdown of fat globules in the duodenum into tiny droplets which provide a larger surface area on which pancreatic lipase can act to digest the fats into fatty acids and glycerol
|
|
|
How is the small intestine adapted for its function?
|
long
villi and microvilli large surface area thin walls short diffusion distance lined with capillaries blood flow maintains diffusion gradient lacteals |
