The Digestive System

Front 1

What is a suspension feeder?

Back 1

An organism that extracts its food from the fluid surrounding it. Must be marine.
(Ex. clams, oysters and certain whales)

Front 2

What is a substrate feeder?

Back 2

An organism that eats its environment
(Ex. small caterpillars, larvae)

Front 3

What is a fluid feeder?

Back 3

An organism that gets all of its food from liquids
(Ex. mosquitos, ticks, humming birds)

Front 4

What is a bulk feeder?

Back 4

An organism that eats chunks of food
(Ex. humans, snakes, and dogs)

Front 5

What is the order of organs that food touches in the digestive system?

Back 5

Mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, esophogus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

Front 6

What breaks down carbs, and what do they break down into?

Back 6

(Salivary and pancreatic) Amylase breaks down carbs (Ex. Starch) into simple sugars.

Front 7

What breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Back 7

Pepsin

Front 8

What three enzymes break down proteins, and where are the secreted?

Back 8

Trypsin (Large polypeptides to small p.p.s)
Chymotrypsin (Small p.p.s to smaller p.p.s)
Pepsidases (Smaller p.p.s to amino acids)
Secreted in the duodenum

Front 9

What breaks down lipids, and where are they from? (2)

Back 9

Lipases- breaks down lipids into components (from small intestine)
Bile- emulsifies (made in liver, stored in gall bladder)

Front 10

What is the main function of the large intestine/colon?

Back 10

To reabsorb water

Front 11

What is the main function of the small intestine?

Back 11

Main place for digestion and absorption
(Exports nutrients and water to blood stream)

Front 12

What is the main function of the stomach?

Back 12

Temporarily stores food and continues digestion
(Churns food, and breaks down food with acid)

Front 13

What is a the difference between a gastrovascular cavity and an alimentary canal?

Back 13

Gastrovascular cavity has one opening where food goes in and out, and all four tasks happen in one place. Alimentary canal has two openings.

Front 14

Why is the pancreas important to digestion?

Back 14

Because it produces sodium bicarbonate (which neutralizes chyme)
and pancreatic amylase (which breaks down carbs to sugars)

Front 15

What are the four tasks our digestive system must complete and where do they take place?

Back 15

Ingestion (the mouth)
Digestion (mouth -> end of the duodenum)
Absorption (Small -> large intestine)
Elimination (Rectum/Anus)

Front 16

Name the four stomach acids and what the are responsible for?

Back 16

HCl- unglues cells from each other
Gastrin- signals for more HCl (feedback )
Pepsin- breaks down proteins
Mucus- stops self-digestion

Front 17

Whats the difference between vitamins and minerals?

Back 17

Vitamins are organic, Minerals are inorganic.

Front 18

Why are intestinal flora important?

Back 18

Because it provides our body with essential nurtients (Ex. Vitamin K)

Front 19

Why are certain vitamins toxic if taken in large doses?

Back 19

Because some are fat soluble (meaning they can't be flushed out and become stored in fat)

Front 20

How are lipids absorbed and transported after digestion?

Back 20

Absorbed into lacteals, transported by lymph.

Front 21

Whats the relationship between diet and length of digestive system?

Back 21

The more complex the diet, the longer the digestive system.

Front 22

Name three relationships between the digestive system and other organ systems.

Back 22

Circulatory- Blood stream takes away waste and brings nutrients.

Lymphatic- Lacteals in villi are part of the lymphatic system, transports fats.

Muscular system- peristalsis throughout the alimentary canal.

Front 23

What is an essential nurtient? Name an example.

Back 23

Nutrients that must be consumed, that the body can't make on its own. (Ex. Vitamin K)

Front 24

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

Back 24

Stores bile and releases it as needed into the small intestine.

Front 25

What is the main function of the rectum?

Back 25

Terminal portion of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination

Front 26

What is segmentation movement/peristalsis?

Back 26

Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles that propels food through digestive tract.
Allows many organisms (Ex. Earthworms) to crawl.

Front 27

What is the esophagus?

Back 27

The channel between Pharnyx and Cardiac sphincter/Stomach where food passes in a digestive tract

Front 28

What is a mineral?

Back 28

A simple, inorganic nutrient that the body requires for functioning.
Calcium, Iron, Zinc.

Front 29

What is a vitamin?

Back 29

An organic nutrient that's required in very small quantities, generally functions as coenzymes.
13 in a healthy diet. Vitamin B, C, Biotin)

Front 30

What do the two portions of the pancreas do?

Back 30

Nonendocrine- secretes digestive enzymes into small intestines through a duct.
Endocrine- secretes the hormone insulin (and glucagon) into the blood.

Front 31

What is the pharynx?

Back 31

The organ in the digestive tract that recieves food from mouth. Where the air and food passages cross (in terrestrial vertebrates)

Front 32

What is lacteal?

Back 32

The lymph vessel in a villi

Front 33

What is the epiglottis?

Back 33

Flap that covers the trachea when you swallow.

Front 34

What are the cardiac and pyloric sphincters?

Back 34

Cardiac- muscle that keeps food in stomach, opens while digesting.
Pyloric-Slowly release chyme into the duodenum.

Front 35

What are villi?

Back 35

A fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine, that increases its surface area.

Front 36

Why must the small intestine have a such a large surface area?

Back 36

To facilitate the processes of digestion and absorption.

Front 37

What is bile?

Back 37

A solution of bile salts that's secreted by the liver and emulsifies fats and aids in their digestion.

Front 38

What is the duodenum?

Back 38

The first 25cm of the small intestine where chyme mixes with digestive juices secreted by the pancreas, gall bladder, liver, and glands within lining of the small intestine.

Front 39

What is the liver?

Back 39

Largest organ of our body. Produces bile, prepares wastes for disposal, detoxifies poisons in blood.

Front 40

Why would you need to use the Heimlich maneuver?

Back 40

If someone chokes and their pharynx or trachea is blocked. Air can't flow into trachea, brain damage/death may result.

Front 41

By who and when was the Heimlich maneuver invented?

Back 41

Henry Heimlich in the 1970s

Front 42

What are the steps to the Heimlich maneuver (4)

Back 42

1) From behind, wrap arms around victims waste.
2)Make a fist and place thumb side against the victims abdomen, below the rib cage but above the naval.
3) Grasp your fist with other hand and press into victim's abdomen with quick upward thrust.
4) Repeat until objects expelled.
Don't slap their back!

Front 43

Important info about calories...

Back 43

Energy content of food measured in kilocalories, (1 kcal = 1,000 calories)
Word calories on food labels refers to kcals.

Front 44

What is chyme?

Back 44

Half-digested food that goes from the stomach to the duodenum, little bits at a time.