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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the very first part of the large intestine called?
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cecum
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This is attached to the lower end of the cecum
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appendix
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What structure enables you to retain feces while farting very loudly so everyone can hear you?
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transverse rectal folds
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What are hemorrhoids ?
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permanantly distended veins that protrude into the anal canl
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What are taenia coli?
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They are longitudinal fibers that are concentrated in three ribbon like strips. Each strip is called taenia coli
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What is haustra
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It is the bulging of the rectal wall due the contraction of taenia coli
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What are the two sphincters of the anus?
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External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter.
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What muscle is the external anal sphincter composed of
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Skeletal. Smooth muscle for the internal anal sphincter
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What is the only significant secretion of the large intestine
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mucus
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There is an abundance of this, which provide protection from the bacteria that densely populate the large intestine
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lymphatic tissue of the lamina propria and submucosa
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What is the bacterial flora?
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The 800 species of bacter that the large intestine harbors
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how much gas does the large intestine have?
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7 to 10 liters
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how much gas do we expel a day?
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500 mL/day as flatus
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What is a flatus or fart composed of?
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Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and two amines: indol and skatole.
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How long does it take for large intestine to reduce the residue of a meal to feces?
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12 to 24 hours
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what is the percentage of water and percentage of solid in feces?
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75% water and 25% solid
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The most common type of colonic motility is this type of segmentation
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haustral contractions
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What two reflexes stimulate the motility of the colon?
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Gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes
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This reflex operates entirely within the myenteric nerve plexus. Stretch signals travel through the plexus to the muscularis of the descending and sigmoid colon of the rectum this activates peristaltic wave that drives feces downward
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intrinsic defecation reflex
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This is a spinal reflex. Stretch signals are transmitted to the spinal cord, and moter signals return by way of the pelvic nerves to intensify peristalsis in the descending and sigmoid colon and rectum and to relax the interal anal sphincter
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parasympathetic defecation reflex
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Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?
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The external anal sphincter
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