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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vertebrate digestion system |
Mouth & pharynx - entry. Esophagus - Delivers food to the stomach. Stomach - preliminary digestion. Small intestine - absorption. Large intestine - concentration of waste. Rectum - waste storage. |
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Accessory organs - liver. |
largest internal organ. secretes bile into the duodenum during digestion. consists of bile pigments and bile salts. Removes toxins. |
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Accessory organs - Pancreas |
produces pancreatic juice and bicarbonate buffer. Pancreatic fluid is secreted into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. host of enzymes pancreatic amylase, digests proteins into smaller polypeptides. and alike |
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Accessory organ - gallbladder |
Stores and concentrates bile. |
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4 layers of the gastrointestinal tract |
1. Mucosa - Epithelium that lines the interior, or lumen, of the tract.
2. Submucosa - Connective tissue. 3. Muscularis - Double layer of smooth muscles. 4. Serosa = Epithelium that covers the external surface of the tract |
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Mouth and teeth |
Tongue mixes food with saliva (salivary amylase). Salvation is controlled by the nervous system. |
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The stomach |
The saclike portion of the tract. Contains an extra layer of smooth muscle for mixing with gastric juices. Parietal & chief cells. Low pH helps denature food proteins. |
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Small intestine |
Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Epithelial walls covered in villi, coved in microvilli - increases surface area. Absorption of amino acids and monosaccharides. Normal fluid absorption efficiency is 99%. |
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Large intestine or colon |
small intestine empties directly into the large intestine, cecum and appendix. No digestion occurs. Absorbs water, remaining electrolytes and vitamin K. waste mineral concentration. |
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Ruminants digestion system |
Four chambered stomach. Rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. |
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Basal metabolic rate |
The minimal amount of energy consumed under defined resting conditions. |
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Essential nutrients |
Vitamins, amino acids, long-chained unsaturated fatty acids and minerals. |
