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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Terror
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government by intimidation, outside of the regular forms of political struggle; why?=power
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Terrorism
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“The calculated use of violence of the threat of violence to obtain objectives of a political, religious or ideological nature; Can involve violence, the threat of violence, etc. whether it’s political, physical, sexual, etc.
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Methods
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War, arrest and torture, public execution, social isolation, starvation and poverty, death and extreme violence, slavery, stigmatization, dehumanization, public humiliation, climate of fear
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Agents
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The state and its rulers; the Church, the Military, Ordinary people (ie. KKK), technology/media, local authorities, judges, lawyers, radical political and ideological groups
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The Crusades
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A series of military campaigns from the 11th-18th Century called by the catholic church in the Holy Roman Empire, originally to regain Jerusalem (The Holy Land) from the Byzantine Empire and Palestine
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Pope Urban II
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Pope in the 11th Century; Urged reconquest of Christian Territory (Jerusalem) taken by Muslims
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“The people’s crusade”
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Commoners, Poorly equipped, undisciplined, attacks on Jews and Eastern Europe
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First Crusades
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(11th Century) Better equipped and organized; 4 crusader states → Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, County of Edessa, Kingdom of Lesser Armenia = win (due to unorganization)
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Islam
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Impressive culture, political fragmentation (Sunni and Shi’ite, Seljuk Turks → Baghdad and Fatimids → Egypt), Began in 622
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Subsequent Crusades (other than the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th)
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Many smaller crusades
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Council of Clermont
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an assembly for church reform called by Pope Urban II
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