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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Locke
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argued against the divine rights of kings, and set forth a social contract where people had natural rights and the government had the duty to protect those rights. If the government failed to do this, the people had the right to revolt.
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Social Contract
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an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed
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Natural Rights
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Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to English philosopher John Locke's theories about government and was widely accepted among America's Founders.
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state of nature
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what man looks like without society
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unalienable rights
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rights that cannot be taken away
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Thomas Hobbes
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english materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
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Oligarchy
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form of government in which a few people have the power
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Monarchy
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government under a single ruler
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Mixed Government
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power held by combination of government bodies. senate, assemblies, tribune, consuls
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Articles of Confederation
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this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage
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Constitutional Convention
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1787, convention was held in Philadelphia as a response to Shays' rebellion,economic depression, and border disputes. concern over 13 separate state constitutions. Totally designed new govt.
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Shays' Rebellion
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1787 capt Daniel Shay angry over widespred forclosures on farms in western Massachusetts nearly 2000 men force massachusetts courts to close. attacks spread to all 13 states. Showed weakness of national govt.
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Northwest Ordinance
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1785 Northwest western lands, provided for sale by congress of western lands. New states come into unior with same rights as existing states. Western settlers will keep all their citizenship rights
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Factions
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Intrest groups arising from the unequal didtribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. 10
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Federalist Papers
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A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamiltion, John Jay, and James Madison under the name Publius to defend the Constitution in detail
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Virginia Plan
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Representation based on pop.
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New Jersey Plan
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Equal represatation regardless of pop.
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Connecticut Compromise
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Senate has NJ- regardless of pop.
House of Reps Virginia- based on pop. |
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Judicial Review
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How the supreme court interprets the constitution.
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Separation of powers
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Basic principle of the American system of government the legislative, judicial, and executive powers are divided among the three independent and coequal branches of government.
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Federalism
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the authority is divided between 2 distinct governments: national and state
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Popular sovereignty
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The people are the only source of any and all government power. This is a basic principle of the American government.
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Federalists and Anti-Federalists
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Federalists-People who supported the adoption of the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists-Persons opposed to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787-1788. |
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James Madison
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Democratic Republican - 1809-1817 - Presides over War of 1812 (war with England) - President mansion burned - Treaty of Ghent - Author of the Constitution - Wife Dolly Madison
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Alexander Hamilton
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the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher.
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Federalist nos. 10 and 51
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focus on fundamental problems of self-governance
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