The Coastal Zone

Front 1

Longshore drift

Back 1

The transportation of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle.

Front 2

Name the case study for cliff collapse

Back 2

Barton on sea, Hampshire

Front 3

Barton in sea: What are the rocks made of and describe them

Back 3

Weak sands and clays - these are easily eroded by the sea and have little strength to resist collapse

Front 4

Barton on sea: describe the effect of the arrangement of the rocks

Back 4

There is permeable sand on top of impermeable clay so water 'ponds-up' within the cliffs. This increases the weight of the cliffs. This increase in water pressure within the cliff (pore water pressure) encourages collapse

Front 5

Barton on sea: how has infrastructure affected the cliffs

Back 5

Buildings on top of the cliff have increased the weight on the cliffs, making them more vulnerable to collapse. They can also interfere with drainage

Front 6

Advantages of hard engineering

Back 6

More effective

can be multi-purpose (sea walls can be used as a promenade)

can help beach growth (groynes)

last longer

Front 7

Disadvantages of hard engineering

Back 7

unnatural so causes sight pollution

expensive to install and maintain

can cause erosion else where

Front 8

Advantages of soft engineering

Back 8

cheap to install and maintain

blends in with surroundings

can create habitats for wildlife (marsh creation/managed retreat)

beach growth (beach nourishment)

Front 9

Disadvantages of soft engineering

Back 9

can require regular maintenance (beach nourishment)

can be easily damaged

land can be lost

Front 10

explain dune regeneration

Back 10

planting marram grass to stabilise dunes and help them develop. Also, fencing off areas to stop people from walking on these areas.

Front 11

explain sea walls

Back 11

a concrete or rock barrier built at the foot of cliffs or at the top of a beach. It has a curved face to reflect the wave

Front 12

explain beach nourishment

Back 12

adding sand/shingle to a beach

Front 13

explain marsh creation/managed retreat

Back 13

allowing low lying coastal areas to be flooded by the sea to become salt marshes

Front 14

explain groynes

Back 14

wooden or rock structures built out into to the sea, they trap sediment being moved by long shore drift and broaden the beach

Front 15

explain rock armour

Back 15

large boulders dumped at the foot of a cliff, the rocks break the waves, absorbing their energy

Front 16

case study for impacts of coastal flooding

Back 16

East Anglia, UK

Front 17

Barton-on-sea: how does the wind affect the rate of erosion

Back 17

The stretch of coastline faces the direct force of the prevailing south-westerly winds. With a long fetch, the waves approaching the land are powerful so can carry out a great deal of erosion. Rates of erosion have been as much as 2m a year in place.

Front 18

Barton-on-sea: how do other water sources affect erosion

Back 18

several small streams flow towards he coast but disappear into the permeable sands before they reach the sea, this adds to the amount of water in the cliffs.

Front 19

Barton-on-sea: the impact of cliff collapse

Back 19

several buildings lost

most recently a cafe was lost

predicted that the houses near the edge will be lost in the next 10-20 years

Front 20

sliding

Back 20

a type of mass movement involving material moving downhill on a flat surface (a landslide)

Front 21

slumping

Back 21

a type of mass movement involving material moving downhill under its own weight

Front 22

shoreline management plan

Back 22

an integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England and Wales

Front 23

pioneer plant

Back 23

the first plant species to colonise an area that is well adapted to living in harsh environment

Front 24

vegetation succession

Back 24

a sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment

Front 25

What's the case study for a coastal habitat

Back 25

Keyhaven Marshes, Hampshire