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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Starch
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used as food storage in plants
contains highly branched chains of glucose subunits |
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Glycogen
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food storage molecules for mammals
similar to starch but more highly branched |
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Cellulose
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forms plant cell walls, used for support
glucose subunits hooked together like a chain-linked fence |
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Lipids
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organic compounds that have much less oxygen than carbs.
referred to as fats & oils - ex: beef fat insoluble in water because they are non-polar a major component of membranes that surround all living cells in glycerol |
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The Three Things Cells Use Lipids For
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energy storage
insulation a protective coating |
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The Two Types of Fat
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Saturated
Unsaturated |
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Saturated Fat
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no double bonds (all single bonds) between the carbons of the fatty acid chain
ex: steak fat, butter fat - usually solids |
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Unsaturated Fat
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contain double bonds between the carbons of the fatty acid chain
ex: vegetable oil, peanut oil - usually liquid |
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Proteins
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a large, complex polymer composed of C, H, O, N, & sometimed S atoms
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Amino Acids
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the building blocks of proteins
there are 20 found in nature their order determines the type of protein they become linked due to a condensation reaction (H+ & OH- are removed to form an H2O |
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Peptide Bond
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the covalent bond found between two amino acids
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The Three Ways to Test for Organic Compounds
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Paper Test
Iodine or Benedicts Reagent Test Biuret Test |
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Paper Test
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check for lipids
if a spot is left, lipids are present |
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Iodine or Benedicts Reagent Test
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check for carbohydrates
color change from yellow/brown to blue/black indicates that starch is present |
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Biuret Test
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check for proteins
color change from yellow to blue/violet if proteins are present |
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The Importance of Proteins
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important in many chemical reactions, where thay act as enzymes (called the lock and key mechanism or enzyme substrate complex
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Enzymes
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proteins that make it easier for a reaction to take place...they provide a site where reactants (the "substrates" can be
lower the energy necessary for the reaction to occur , as well as speed up many slow reactions almost every reaction in livign things use an enzyme |
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Substrates
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bind to the "active site" portion of the enzyme
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Chemical Reaction
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process which changes one set of chemicals into another
reactant: enter into the reaction product: produced by the reaction ex: CO2 + H2O = H2CO3(carbonic acid) |
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Activation Energy
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energy needed to get a raction started...enzymes decrease the amount of energy needed...
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Nucleic Acid
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complex macromolecule that stores cellular info. in the form of a code
made up of smaller subunits layered on top of the other called nucleotides |
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Nucleotides
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comprised of a simple sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogen base
C, H, O, N, P atoms all present can contain the info. necessary to synthesize proteins |
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DNA
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DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
master copy of an organism's genetic information double helix strands of DNA form genes |
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Genes
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components of chromosomes
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RNA
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RiboNucleic Acid
helps in the formation of DNA & many proteins not a double helix |
