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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the Functional Brain System
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Networks of neurons working together and spanning wide areas of the brain
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What are the two Functional Brain Systems
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The two systems are:
Limbic system Reticular formation |
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What is the Limbic system responsible for?
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especially important in emotions:
Amygdala – deals with anger, danger, and fear responses Cingulate gyrus – plays a role in expressing emotions via gestures, and resolves mental conflict Puts emotional responses to odors – e.g., skunks smell bad |
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The limbic system interacts with what part of the brain?
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The prefrontal lobes
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What does the interaction between the limbic system and the prefrontal lobes allow?
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A connection between emotion and cognition:
One can react emotionally to conscious understandings One is consciously aware of emotion in one’s life |
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What structures in the Limbic system convert new information into long-term memories?
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Hippocampal structures
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What does RAS stand for?
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RAS – Reticular Activating System
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What two things are contained in the Reticular Formation?
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The RAS and Motor Function
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What does Motor function of the reticular formation do?
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Helps control coarse motor movements
Autonomic centers regulate visceral motor functions – e.g., vasomotor, cardiac, and respiratory centers |
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What does the RAS do?
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Sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
Filters out repetitive and weak stimuli |
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What three things protect the brain?
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The brain is protected by bone, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
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What shield the brain from harmful substances?
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the blood-brain barrier
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What are meninges?
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Connective tissue membranes lying external to the CNS
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What are the three meninges called?
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dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
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What are the four functions of the meninges?
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Cover and protect the CNS
Protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses Contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Form partitions within the skull |
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Describe the Dura Mater
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"Tough Mother"
Leathery, strong meninx composed of two fibrous connective tissue layers The two layers separate in certain areas and form dural sinuses |
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What is the function of the dura mater?
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limit excessive movement of the brain
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Describe Arachnoid Mater
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The middle meninx, which forms a loose brain covering
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What separates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater?
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the subdural space
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what lies beneath the arachnoid?
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Beneath the arachnoid is a wide subarachnoid space filled with CSF and large blood vessels
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Describe the pia mater
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Deep meninx composed of delicate connective tissue that clings tightly to the brain
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What are the four functions of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
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1.Forms a liquid cushion that gives buoyancy to the CNS organs
2.Prevents the brain from crushing under its own weight 3.Protects the CNS from blows and other trauma 4.Nourishes the brain and carries chemical signals throughout it |
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What do you call the clusters of capillaries that form tissue fluid filters, which hang from the roof of each ventricle?
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The Choroid Plexuses
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What are the functions of the choroid plexuses?
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1.Have ion pumps that allow them to alter ion concentrations of the CSF
2.Help cleanse CSF by removing wastes |
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Describe the functions of the blood-brain barrier?
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Selective barrier that allows nutrients to pass freely
Is ineffective against substances that can diffuse through plasma membranes |
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What areas of the brain do not contain the blood brain barrier? Why
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vomiting center and the hypothalamus), allowing these areas to monitor the chemical composition of the blood
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What increases the ability of chemicals to pass through the blood-brain barrier?
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Stress
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