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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nucleus? |
A spherical or oval organelle of a cell that contains the hereditary factors of the cell, called genes. A cluster of unmyelinated nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system. The central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. |
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What type of cell doesn't have a nucleus? |
Red blood cells. |
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What type of cell has multiple nuclei? |
Skeletal muscle cells. |
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What is the nuclear envelope? |
A double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. |
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Both layers of the nuclear envelope are what? |
Lipid bilayers. |
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What are nuclear pores? |
Many openings that extend through the nuclear envelope. |
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What do nuclear pores consist of? |
A circular arrangement of proteins surrounding a large central opening that is about 10 times wider than the pore of a channel protein in the plasma membrane. |
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What are the functions of the nucleus? |
1. Controls cellular structure. 2. Directs cellular activities. 3. Produces ribosomes in nucleoli. |
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What is chromatin? |
Chromatin is a complex of DNA, proteins, and some RNA. |
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What are genomics? |
The study of the relationships between the genome and the biological functions of an organism. |
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What are nucleoli? |
Spherical bodies within a cell nucleus composed of protein, DNA, and RNA that are the sites of the assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits. Singular is nucleolus. |
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What is a nucleolus composed of? |
A cluster of protein, DNA, and RNA. |
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Nucleoli are the sites of what? |
Synthesis of rRNA and assembly of rRNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits. |
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Human somatic (body) cells have how many chromosomes? |
46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. |
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What is chromatin? |
The threadlike mass of genetic material, consisting of DNA and histone proteins, that is present in the nucleus of a nondividing or interphase cell. |
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What is a genome? |
The complete set of genes of an organism. |
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What are the components of a nucleosome? |
A nucleosome is a double-stranded molecule of DNA wrapped twice around a core of eight histones (proteins). |
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What do histones help with? |
Help organize the coiling and folding of DNA. |
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What is linker DNA? |
The string between the chromatin beads, which holds adjacent nucleosomes together. |
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What is chromatin fiber? |
Histone promoted coiling of nucleosomes, which then folds into large loops. |
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What is a chromatid? |
One of a pair of identical connected nucleoprotein strands that are joined at the centromere and separate during cell division, each becoming a chromosome of one of the two daughter cells. |
