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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
*Fundamentals unit of life
*Cell is self-sustaining unit of life *75-100 trilloin cells in the human body *Composed of four elements Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen *Other trace elements (calcium, iron,& iodine) *Water make up 60-80% of the cell |
Cell Facts
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3 Basic Parts of the Cell
*Cytoplasm *Cell Membrane *Organelles Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosome Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum |
Cell Structure
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*Function
Separates cytoplasm from eternal environment *The membrane is semipermeable *Governs the exchange of nutrients and waste materials *projections of cell membrane are classified as microvilli, cilia, and flagella |
Cell Membrane
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*Function
'Provide cellular nutrition 'Support organelles *Gel like fluid that is comprised mostly of water *Organelles suspended throuhout |
Cytoplasm
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*Functions
'Carry on metabolic and reproductive processes 'Act just like organs in the body that all work together to carry out body processes *Each possesses a distinct structure and function within the cell |
Organelles
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*Largest organelle in the cell
*Known as the "control center" *Enclosed by a double membrane *Houses the RNA and DNA that make up the 23 pairs of chromosomes that contain our genetic makeup *Houses nucleolus to produces ribosomes that are sent out of the nucleus |
Nucleus
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*Function is to synthesize proteins for in cell use and produce proteins that are exported from the cell
*Small granules of RNA and proteins *Found in the cytoplasm free floating("free ribosomes") or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum ("rough endoplasmic reticulum") |
Ribosomes
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*Function is to synthesize and assist in transportation of proteins and lipids for one part of the cell to another
*Composed of membranous channels *Can be classified as smooth/agranular or rough/granular depending on if ribsomes are attached or not |
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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*Function is to alter proteins and lipids as well as pack and ship them until needed
*Series of 4-6 horizontal membranous sacs *Proteins are wrapped in a piece of Golgi membrane (vessicle) and shipped out of the cell |
Gogli Apparatus/Body
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*Function is cellular respiration and production of ATP
*Called the "powerhouse" *Double membrane system 'Outer is smooth 'Inner membrane is called christae |
Mitochondria
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*Membrane bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes
*"trash compactor" of the cell *Digests debris and pathogens and returns useable material to the cytoplasm *Can also cause self-digestion |
Lysosmes
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*Passive Process
'No active energy expenditure *Action Processes "Require expenditure of energy(breakdown of ATP) |
Cell Processes
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*Diffusion: movement of molecules from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentrations (making Kool-aid or spraying air freshener)
*Filtration: movement of particles across the cellular membrane due to pressure (air filter in AC) *Osmosis: Movement of liguid from low concentration to ares of high until equalization occurs |
Passive Processes
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*Active Transport: move particles againt the concentration gradient
'40% of ATP in the body uesed for active transport *Endocytosis: move large particles across cell membrane 'Phagocytosis: cell eating 'Pinocytosis: cell drinking |
Active Processes
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*Ectoderm: nervous system, mucosa, epidermis, hair
*Mesoderm: muscles and connective tissue *Endoderm: lining of alimentary canal, respiratory system, and all tissue of organs and glands |
Cell Layers
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*Lines the internal organs and covers the outside of the body
*Functions 'Protection 'Absorption 'Filtration 'Secretion 'Excretion 'Diffusion |
Epithelial Tissue
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*Most abundant in body
*Highly vascular tissue *Can be liquid(blood), bone, cartilage, loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue *Functions 'Nutrient transport 'Defends aganist disease 'Clotting properties 'Protect vital organs |
Connective Tissue
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*Highly vascular
*Unique in its ability to shorten and elongate *3 Types 'Smooth 'Skeletal 'Cardiac |
Muscle Tissue
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*Cells called neurons
*Both detect and transmit electrical signals *Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves *Charactistic include excitalility and conductibility |
Nervous Tissue
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*Body's reaction to cell death or injury and is a protective mechanism
*Purpose is to stabilize the area, contain infection, prepare area for repair *Stages: heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function |
Inflammation
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*Resolution: if cell membranes are still intact the tissue can be repaired
*Regeneration: occurs when damaged tissue is replaced with new tissue of the same type *Fibrosis: occur with severe injury where scar tissue replaces the original tissue type *Remodeling: fibrosis process is formed randomly and poorly resulting in bulky scar tissue |
Repairing Tissue
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*Mucous Membranes: secret viscous fluid called mucus
*Serous Membranes: line closed body cavities that are not open to the external environment *Synovial Membranes: line joint cavities and secrete a thick vicous liquid called synovial fluid |
Body Membranes
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