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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Excretion
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The removal of soluble waste materials (168)
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Isotonic solution
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A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution (185)
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Leucoplasts
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Organelles that store starches or oils (175)
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Messenger RNA
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The RNA that performs transcription (195)
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Plasmolysis
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A collapse of the cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water (185)
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Phospholipd
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A lipid in which one of the fatty acide molecules has been replaced by a molecule which contains a phosphate group (181)
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Waste vacuoles
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Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion (176)
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Active transport
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Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a chemical process (184)
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining the status quo in a cell (168)
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Hypertonic solution
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A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell which resides in the solution (185)
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Lysosome
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The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions which break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids (173)
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Passive transport
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Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion (184)
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Nuclear membrane
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A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm (178)
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Middle lamella
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The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells (171)
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Mitochondria
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The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy (173)
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Phagocytic vacuole
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A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs (176)
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Phagocytosis
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The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells (176)
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Pinocytic vesicle
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Vesicle formed at the plasma membrance to allow the absorption of large molecules (177)
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Plasma membrance
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The semipermeable membrance between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings (172)
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Reproduction
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Producing more cells (168)
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Respiration
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The breakdown of food molecules with a relsease of energy (167)
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Ribosomes
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Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis (174)
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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ER that is dotted with ribosomes (174)
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Secretion
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The release of biosynthesized substances for use by other cells (168)
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Secretion vesicle
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Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released (177)
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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ER that has no ribosomes (175)
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Transcription
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The process in which mRNA produces a negative of a strand of DNA (195)
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Translation
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The process by which proteins are formed in the ribosome according to the negative in mRNA (197)
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Chromoplasts
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Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis (175)
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Codon
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A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that refer to a specific type of amino acid (196)
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Cytology
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The study of cells (169)
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Cytolysis
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The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure (185)
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Cytoplasm
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A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended (172)
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Cytoplasmic streaming
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The motion of the cytoplasm which results in a coordinated movement of the cell's organelles (173)
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Digestion
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The breakdown of absorbed substances (167)
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Egestion
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The removal of non-soluble waste materials (168)
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes which perform serveral tasks with a cell (174)
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Golgi bodies
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The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell (175)
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Ions
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Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons (172)
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Microtubules
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Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a rope-like structure (177)
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Absorption
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The transport of dissolved substances into cells (167)
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Activation energy
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Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going (188)
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Anticondon
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A three-nucleoctide sequence on tRNA (195)
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Cell Wall
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A rigid substance on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells (171)
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Central vacuole
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A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution which contains a high concentration of solutes (176)
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Chromatin
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Clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus (178)
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