The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Front 1

The heart is located within the thoracic cavity between the _____?

Back 1

Lungs

Front 2

The heart is __/__ to the left of the midline?

Back 2

2/3

Front 3

The pericardium has 2 parts?

Back 3

– Fibrous Pericardium
– Serous Pericardium

Front 4

What part of the pericardium is that outer inelastic portion that prevents overstretching of the heart?

Back 4

Fibrous Pericardium

Front 5

What part of the pericardium is the inner double layer?

Back 5

Serous Pericardium

Front 6

The serous pericardium has 2 parts?

Back 6

– Parietal Layer
– Visceral Layer

Front 7

With the serous pericardium, what layer fuses it to the fibrous pericardium?

Back 7

Parietal Layer

Front 8

With the serous pericardium, what layer attaches it to the heart?

Back 8

Visceral Layer(epicardium)

Front 9

With the pericardium, this is the space filled with fluid to reduce friction?

Back 9

Pericardial Cavity

Front 10

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Back 10

– Epicardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium

Front 11

What layer of the heart wall is the outer layer?

Back 11

Epicardium

Front 12

What layer of the heart wall is the cardiac muscle "bulk" of the heart?

Back 12

Myocardium

Front 13

What layer of the heart wall is the inner lining of the heart?

Back 13

Endocardium

Front 14

Cardiac muscle fibers form separate _____ & _____ networks?

Back 14

– Atrial
– Ventricular

Front 15

Cardiac muscle fibers in each network are connected by _____ discs that contain _____ junctions?

Back 15

– Intercalated
– Gap

Front 16

With cardiac muscle fibers, the atria contract/relax as a _____ unit?

Back 16

Single

Front 17

With cardiac muscle fibers, the ventricles contract/relax as a _____ unit?

Back 17

Single

Front 18

With the heart structure, how many chambers are there?

Back 18

4

Front 19

With the 4 chambers of the heart, there are 2 upper _____ chambers, and 2 lower _____chambers?

Back 19

– Atrial
– Ventricular

Front 20

Which chambers of the heart is separated by the interatrial septum?

Back 20

2 Upper Atrial Chambers

Front 21

Which chambers of the heart is separated by the interventricular septum?

Back 21

2 Lower Ventricular Chambers

Front 22

The left ventricle is the _____ chamber, and has the _____ workload?

Back 22

– Thickest
– Greatest

Front 23

The left ventricle pumps blood to the _____ circulation?

Back 23

Systemic (body)

Front 24

With the heart vessels, the right side has deoxygenated blood that is delivered to the right atrium by the?

Back 24

– Superior Vena Cava
– Inferior Vena Cava
– Coronary Sinus

Front 25

With the heart vessels, the right side has deoxygenated blood that is delivered to the right atrium by the superior and inferior vena cava from the _____?

Back 25

System

Front 26

With the heart vessels, the right side has deoxygenated blood that is delivered to the right atrium by the coronary sinus (vein) from the?

Back 26

Myocardium

Front 27

Deoxygenated blood pathway?

Back 27

– Right Atrium
– Right Ventricle
– Pulmonary Trunk
– Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries
– Lungs

Front 28

With the heart vessels, the left side is where the _____ _____ deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Back 28

Pulmonary Veins

Front 29

Oxygenated blood pathway?

Back 29

– Left Atrium
– Left Ventricle
– Aorta
– System

Front 30

What prevents backflow of blood into atria in response to pressure changes?

Back 30

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

Front 31

The atrioventricular valves (AV) are between the _____ & ______?

Back 31

-Atria
-Ventricles

Front 32

Atrioventricular valves?

Back 32

– Left AV
– Right AV

Front 33

What AV is bicuspid (mitral)?

Back 33

Left AV

Front 34

What AV is tricuspid valve?

Back 34

Right AV

Front 35

AV valves, bicuspid and tricuspid open during ventricle _____ (_____)?

Back 35

Relaxation (filling)

Front 36

Semilunar valves (SL) ?

Back 36

– Aortic
– Pulmonary

Front 37

Semilunar valves (SL) aortic and pulmonary open during ventricular _____ (_____ _____)?

Back 37

Contraction (blood ejection)

Front 38

What heart valve disorder is narrowing of the heart valve?

Back 38

Stenosis

Front 39

What heart valve disorder is failure of valve to close completely?

Back 39

Insufficiency (incompetents)

Front 40

What heart valve disorder is most common, and is where the the valve protrudes into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, causing backflow of blood?

Back 40

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

Front 41

2 types of heart blood flow?

Back 41

– Pulmonary Circulation
– Systemic Circulation

Front 42

Which type of blood flow has deoxygenated blood ejected by right ventricle to lungs?

Back 42

Pulmonary Circulation

Front 43

Which type of blood flow has oxygenated blood ejected by left ventricle to system (body)?

Back 43

Systemic Circulation

Front 44

Myocardium blood vessels?

Back 44

Coronary Circulation

Front 45

Branches of ascending aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to myocardium?

Back 45

Left And Right Coronary Arteries

Front 46

Main heart vein, drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium into right atrium?

Back 46

Coronary Sinus

Front 47

Reduction of blood flow to myocardium?

Back 47

Myocardial Ischemia

Front 48

Reduced oxygen supply to tissue?

Back 48

Hypoxia

Front 49

Squeezing sensation of chest "strangled chest" ?

Back 49

Angina Pectoris

Front 50

Death of heart muscle?

Back 50

Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)

Front 51

Route for nerve impulses through the heart, is what system?

Back 51

Conduction System

Front 52

Conduction system pathway?

Back 52

– Sinoatrial (SA) Node
– AV Node
– AV Bundle (bundle of his)
– Bundle Branches
– Purkinje Fibers

Front 53

The conduction system begins at the _____ (_____) node?

Back 53

Sinoatrial (SA)

Front 54

With the conduction system, which node stimulates atrial contraction?

Back 54

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Front 55

With the conduction system, which node is where conduction slows and permits atria to add blood into the ventricles?

Back 55

AV Node

Front 56

With the conduction system, what stimulates ventricular myocardium causing contraction?

Back 56

Purkinje Fibers

Front 57

The conduction system contains cardiac cells that _____ (fire) _____?

Back 57

– Depolarize
– Automatically

Front 58

Fires 100 x's /minute?

Back 58

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Front 59

Fires 40-60 x's /minute?

Back 59

AV Node

Front 60

Fires 30 x's /minute?

Back 60

– AV Bundle
– Bundle Branches

Front 61

Fastest part of conduction system that sets the pace of the heart is normally which node?

Back 61

SA Node

Front 62

At rest, which nervous system slows SA node to 75 beats/minute?

Back 62

Parasympathetic

Front 63

Recording of heart currents?

Back 63

ECG

Front 64

With a ECG, what = atrial depolarization (contraction)?

Back 64

P-Wave

Front 65

With a ECG, what = ventricular depolarization (contraction) marks a atrial repolarization?

Back 65

QRS Complex

Front 66

With a ECG, what = ventricular repolarization (relaxation)?

Back 66

T-Wave

Front 67

With the cardiac cycle, the atria and ventricles _____ contract and relax?

Back 67

Alternately

Front 68

With the cardiac cycle, the atria and ventricles alternately contract and relax and forces blood from _____ to _____ pressure (more space)?

Back 68

– Higher
– Lower

Front 69

T wave –> ventricular _____ (expansion)?

Back 69

Diastole

Front 70

With ventricular diastole (expansion), ventricular pressure _____, below _____ pressure?

Back 70

– Drops
– Atrial

Front 71

With ventricular diastole (expansion), the ventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure and _____ valves _____?

Back 71

– AV
– Open

Front 72

With ventricular diastole (expansion), the ventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure and AV valves open and starts _____ filling?

Back 72

Ventricular

Front 73

Atrial systole (contractions)?

Back 73

P-Wave

Front 74

P-wave –> arterial systole (contraction) _____ ventricular filling?

Back 74

Completes

Front 75

Ventricular systole (contraction)?

Back 75

QRS Complex

Front 76

With QRS complex the _____ valves close and the _____ valves open ejecting blood?

Back 76

– AV
– Semilunar

Front 77

With QRS complex the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open ejecting blood and each ventricle ejects the _____ volume of blood per _____?

Back 77

– Same
– Beat

Front 78

Volume of blood ejected per minute from each ventricle?

Back 78

Cardiac Output (CO)

Front 79

CO= _____(_____) X _____(_____)?

Back 79

Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR)

Front 80

Blood ejected per beat?

Back 80

Stroke Volume (SV)

Front 81

Beats per minute?

Back 81

Heart Rate (HR)

Front 82

Within limits, the more the heart is filled (stretched) the stronger the force of contraction will increase SV.

Back 82

Frank-Starling Law

Front 83

With the regulation of stroke volume, increased sympathetic activity _____ SV?

Back 83

Increases

Front 84

High pressure in the aorta _____ SV?

Back 84

Decreases

Front 85

When high pressure in the aorta decreases SV, semilunar valves open _____?

Back 85

Slower

Front 86

_____ adjusts pacemaker?

Back 86

ANS

Front 87

Cardiovascular center location?

Back 87

Medulla

Front 88

The parasympathetic system _____ heart rate?

Back 88

Slows

Front 89

The parasympathetic system slows heart rate by what nerve?

Back 89

Vagus Nerve

Front 90

The sympathetic system _____ heart rate?

Back 90

Increases

Front 91

What exercise strengthens cardiovascular system?

Back 91

Aerobic

Front 92

At rest, the cardiac output of a trained athlete is what to a untrained person?

Back 92

The Same

Front 93

A trained athlete and a untrained person has the same co at rest due to a _____ heart rate and _____ stroke volume?

Back 93

-Lower
-Higher

Front 94

Abnormal rhythm caused by a defect in the conduction system?

Back 94

Arrhythmia

Front 95

What is it called when the heart fails to pump blood effectively?

Back 95

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 96

Left ventricle fails, causing fluid in lungs?

Back 96

Pulmonary Edema

Front 97

Right ventricles fails, causing swelling in feet and ankles?

Back 97

Peripheral Edema