The Cardiovascular System

Front 1

In the thoracic cavity cradled betweedn the lungs, just behind the sternum

Back 1

mediastinum

Front 2

The area of the chest covering the heart

Back 2

precordium

Front 3

Pertaining to relieving pain; a medication that relieves pain

Back 3

analgesic

Front 4

A surgical joining or two ducts. blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Back 4

anastomosis

Front 5

Localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery. The weakened area balloons out with every pulsation of the artery.

Back 5

aneurysm

Front 6

Surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm

Back 6

aneurysmectomy

Front 7

Deviation from normal; birth defect

Back 7

anomaly

Front 8

Lack of or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

Back 8

anorexia

Front 9

Joint pain

Back 9

arthralgia

Front 10

An abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity.

Back 10

ascites

Front 11

A form of ateriosclerosis characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of larger arteries.

Back 11

atherosclerosis

Front 12

Noncancerous; not progressive

Back 12

benign

Front 13

An abnormal sound or murmur heard when listening to a carotid artery, organ, gland with a stethoscope

Back 13

bruit

Front 14

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Back 14

carditis

Front 15

Cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs

Back 15

claudication

Front 16

One of a pair of arteries that branch from the aorta

Back 16

coronary artery

Front 17

Any one of teh small flaps on the valves of the heart

Back 17

cusp

Front 18

A fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in lower extremities than in the tissue levels above the level of the heart

Back 18

dependent edema

Front 19

The period of relaxation of the heart

Back 19

diastole

Front 20

Abnormal rhythm

Back 20

dysrhythmia

Front 21

The localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissue, causing the area to swell

Back 21

edema

Front 22

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Back 22

endocarditis

Front 23

The inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-folded membrane that encloses the heart

Back 23

epicardium

Front 24

Enlargement of the liver

Back 24

hepatomegaly

Front 25

Pain felt in the calf of the leg, or behind the knee, when the examiner is purposely dorsiflexing the foot

Back 25

Homan's sign

Front 26

An excessive level of fats in the blood

Back 26

hyperlipidemia

Front 27

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mmHg; high blood pressure

Back 27

hypertension

Front 28

Low blood pressure

Back 28

Hypotension

Front 29

A localized area of necrosis in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen due to interrupted blood flow to that area

Back 29

infarction

Front 30

Decreased supply of oxygenated bloos to a body part or organ

Back 30

ischemia

Front 31

A wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue

Back 31

lesion

Front 32

Any group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood

Back 32

lipid

Front 33

A cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body; the space within an artery, vein, instestine, or tube

Back 33

lumen

Front 34

a vague feeling of body weakness or discomfort

Back 34

malaise

Front 35

the area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

Back 35

mediastinum

Front 36

A low-pitched humming or fluttering sound heard on ausculatation

Back 36

murmur

Front 37

The middle, muscular layer of the heart

Back 37

myocardium

Front 38

urination at night

Back 38

nocturia

Front 39

Closure, or state of being closed

Back 39

occlusion

Front 40

An abnormal condition in which a person sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably

Back 40

orthopnea

Front 41

An electric apparatus used for maintaining a normal heart rhythm by electrically stimulating the heart muscle to contract

Back 41

pacemaker

Front 42

The SA node of the heart located in the right atrium that is responsible for initiating the hearbeat

Back 42

pacemaker

Front 43

Detectable by touch

Back 43

palpable

Front 44

A pounding or racing of the heart, associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disorders

Back 44

palpitation

Front 45

Pertaining the the pericardium

Back 45

pericardial

Front 46

The double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels

Back 46

pericardium

Front 47

Small, purplish, hemorragic spots on the skin

Back 47

petechiae

Front 48

Swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent

Back 48

pitting edema

Front 49

An agent that protects against disease

Back 49

prophylactic

Front 50

One of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

Back 50

pulomary artery

Front 51

The circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium of the heart

Back 51

pulomary circulation

Front 52

One of 4 large veins that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

Back 52

pulmonary vein

Front 53

Sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart

Back 53

SA Node

Front 54

A wall, or partition, that divides or separates 2 cavities.

Back 54

septum

Front 55

A hypersensitivity reaction that may occur 2 to 3 weeks after the administration of an antiserum

Back 55

serum sickness

Front 56

A form of chorea associated with rheumatic fever, usually occurring in childhood

Back 56

Sydenham's chorea

Front 57

The circulation of blood from the left ventricale of the heart, through out the body, and back to the right atrium of the heart

Back 57

systemic circulation

Front 58

The contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries

Back 58

systole

Front 59

The formation or existence of a blood clot

Back 59

thrombosis

Front 60

Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

Back 60

vasoconstriction

Front 61

An abnormal growth of tissue around a valve

Back 61

vegetation

Front 62

aneurysm/o

Back 62

aneurysm

Front 63

angi/o

Back 63

vessel

Front 64

arter/o; arteri/o

Back 64

artery

Front 65

arteriol/o

Back 65

arteriole

Front 66

ather/o

Back 66

fatty

Front 67

cardi/o

Back 67

heart

Front 68

coron/o

Back 68

heart

Front 69

echo-

Back 69

sound

Front 70

electr/o

Back 70

electrical, electricity

Front 71

endo-

Back 71

within

Front 72

-graphy

Back 72

process of recording

Front 73

megal/o

Back 73

enlarged

Front 74

my/o

Back 74

muscle

Front 75

ventricul/o

Back 75

ventricle of the heart or brain

Front 76

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future

Back 76

anxiety

Front 77

A slow heart rate

Back 77

bradycardia

Front 78

A feeling of discomfort in the chest area

Back 78

chest pain

Front 79

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin

Back 79

cyanosis

Front 80

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing

Back 80

dyspnea

Front 81

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future

Back 81

anxiety

Front 82

A slow heart rate

Back 82

bradycardia

Front 83

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future

Back 83

anxiety

Front 84

A feeling of discomfort in the chest area

Back 84

chest pain

Front 85

A slow heart rate

Back 85

bradycardia

Front 86

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin

Back 86

cyanosis

Front 87

A feeling of discomfort in the chest area

Back 87

chest pain

Front 88

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing

Back 88

dyspnea

Front 89

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin

Back 89

cyanosis

Front 90

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing

Back 90

dyspnea

Front 91

A feeling of tiredness or weariness resulting from continued activity or a side-effect of a psycotropic drug

Back 91

fatigue

Front 92

Elevation of temperature above the normal

Back 92

fever

Front 93

A diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distribution area

Back 93

headache

Front 94

Unpleasant sensation usually preceding vomiting

Back 94

nausea

Front 95

Lack of color; paleness

Back 95

pallor

Front 96

Rapid, violent, or throbbing pulsation, as an abnormally rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart

Back 96

palpitation

Front 97

Perspiration

Back 97

sweat

Front 98

Abnormal, rapid heart beat

Back 98

tachycardia

Front 99

Ejection through the mouth of the gastric contents

Back 99

vomiting

Front 100

Lacking physical strength or vigor

Back 100

weakness

Front 101

The narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented

Back 101

coronary artery disease

Front 102

Nonsurgical procedure in which a catheter, equipped with a small inflatable balloon on the end, is inserted into the femoral artery and is threaded up the aorta into the narrowed coronary artery

Back 102

percutaneous translumial coronary angioplasty

Front 103

A catheter which has a small mechanically driven cutter that shaves the plaque and stores it in a collection chamber

Back 103

directional coronary atherectomy

Front 104

Severe pain and constriction about the heart usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest

Back 104

angina pectoris

Front 105

Heart attack; condition caused by the occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries

Back 105

myocardial infarction

Front 106

Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort; edema in lower body; pumping ability of heart is progressively impaired to the point of heart failure

Back 106

congestive heart failure

Front 107

Inflammation of the membrane lining of the valves and chambers of the heart

Back 107

endocarditis

Front 108

Inflammation of the pericardium

Back 108

pericarditis

Front 109

Inflammation of the myocardium

Back 109

myocarditis

Front 110

An inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiently treated Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract

Back 110

rheumatic fever

Front 111

Long term hypertension

Back 111

hypertensive heart disease

Front 112

The drooping of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, resulting in incomplete closure of the valve and mitral insufficiency

Back 112

mitral valve prolapse

Front 113

Inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus (clot)

Back 113

thrombophlebitis

Front 114

Enlarged, superficial veins; a twisted, dilated vein with incometent valves

Back 114

varicose veins

Front 115

A form of treatment that involves the injection of a chemical irritant into the varicosed vein

Back 115

sclerotherapy

Front 116

Surgical procedure that consists of ligation of the saphenous vein.

Back 116

vein stripping

Front 117

Accounts for 90% of all hypertensions

Back 117

Essential hypertension

Front 118

Accounts for 10% of all hypertension

Back 118

Secondary hypertension

Front 119

Hypertension that is severe and rapidly progressive

Back 119

Malignant hypertension

Front 120

Intermittent attacks of vasoconstriction of the arterioles, causing pallor of the fingers or toes, followed by cyanosis, then redness, before returning to normal color

Back 120

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 121

Obsruction of the arteries in the estremities

Back 121

peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Front 122

A congenital heart anomoly that consists of 4 defects

Back 122

tetralogy of Fallot

Front 123

An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta; seen primarily in premature infants

Back 123

patent ductus arteriosus

Front 124

Congenital heart defect characterized by a localized narrowing of the aorta; causes increased BP in upper extremities and decreased BP in lower extremities

Back 124

coarctation of the aorta

Front 125

A condition in which the two major arteries of the heart are reversed in position

Back 125

transposition of the great vessels

Front 126

An interference with teh normal condution of electric impulses that control the activity of the heart muscle

Back 126

hear block (AV)

Front 127

Condition in which the contractions of the atria become extremely rapid

Back 127

atrial flutter

Front 128

Extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria in disorganized and uncoordinated twitching of the atria

Back 128

atrial fibrillation

Front 129

Condition which results in rapid, tremulous and ineffectual contractions of the ventricles

Back 129

ventricular fibrillation

Front 130

X-ray visualation of the internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after use of a contrast medium that promotes imaging

Back 130

angiography

Front 131

Tests performed on a sample of blood obtained by venipuncture to determine the presence of damage to the myocardial muslce

Back 131

cardiac enzyme test

Front 132

Diagnostic X-ray technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce a cross-sectional image of the body

Back 132

computed axial tomography (CAT)

Front 133

Diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart

Back 133

echocardiography

Front 134

graphic record of the electrical action of the heart as reflected from various angles to the surface of the skin

Back 134

electrocardiogram

Front 135

A means of assessing cardiac functions by subjecting patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress

Back 135

exercise stress testing

Front 136

A small, portable monitory device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recording on a portable tape recorder

Back 136

Holter monitoring

Front 137

The use of a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to produce imaging that is valuable in providing images of the heart, lge blood vessels, brain, soft tissue

Back 137

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Front 138

Computerized x-ray technique that uses radio substances to examine the blood flow and the metabolic activity of various body structures, such as the heart and blood vessels

Back 138

positron emission tomography (PET)

Front 139

Measures teh amount of fatty substances in a sample of blood obtained by venipuncture

Back 139

serum lipid test

Front 140

AMI

Back 140

acute myocardial infarction

Front 141

AS

Back 141

aortic stenosis

Front 142

ASD

Back 142

atrial septal defect

Front 143

ASHD

Back 143

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Front 144

AV

Back 144

atrioventricular

Front 145

BBB

Back 145

bundle branch block

Front 146

BP

Back 146

blood pressure

Front 147

CABG

Back 147

coronary artery bypass graft

Front 148

CAD

Back 148

coronary artery disease

Front 149

Cath

Back 149

catheterization

Front 150

CC

Back 150

cardiac catheterization

Front 151

CCU

Back 151

coronary care unit

Front 152

CHD

Back 152

coronary heart disease

Front 153

CHF

Back 153

congestive heart disease

Front 154

CPR

Back 154

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 155

CT or CAT scan

Back 155

computed axial tomography

Front 156

CVD

Back 156

cardiovascular disease

Front 157

DOE

Back 157

dyspnea on exertion

Front 158

DVT

Back 158

deep vein thrombosis

Front 159

ECG

Back 159

electrocardiogram

Front 160

ECHO

Back 160

echocardiogram

Front 161

EKG

Back 161

electrocardiogram

Front 162

HCVD

Back 162

hypertensive cardiovascular disease

Front 163

HDL

Back 163

high-density lipoprotein

Front 164

LDL

Back 164

low-density lipoprotein

Front 165

MI

Back 165

myocardial infarction

Front 166

MRI

Back 166

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 167

MS

Back 167

mitral stenosis

Front 168

MVP

Back 168

mitral valve prolapse

Front 169

PACs

Back 169

premature atrial contractions

Front 170

PAT

Back 170

parosysmal atrial tachycardia

Front 171

PDA

Back 171

patent ductus arteriosus

Front 172

PET

Back 172

positron emission tomography

Front 173

PTCA

Back 173

perutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 174

PVCs

Back 174

premature ventricular contractions

Front 175

SA

Back 175

sinoatrial

Front 176

VSD

Back 176

ventricular septal defect

Front 177

VT

Back 177

ventricular tachycardia