The Brain And Cranial Nerves Ch 15 Exam 2

Front 1

What is the collective name for the 3
membranes that surround and protect the
brain and spinal cord?

Back 1

Meninges

Front 2

What is the name of the most superficial of
the meninges, consisting of two layers of
tough, fibrous connective tissue?

Back 2

 Dura mater

Front 3

What is the name of the space outside of
this membrane (filled with fat in the
vertebral foramen) where anesthetics can
injected (or dripped)?

Back 3

 Epidural space

Front 4

What is the name of the blood vessels
formed where the layers of the dura mater
separate?

Back 4

 Dural venous sinuses

Front 5

What is the general term for the four
extensions of the dura mater that create flat
partitions between different parts of the
brain (include the falx cerebri and tentorium
cerebelli)?

Back 5

 Cranial dural septa

Front 6

What is the name of the middle layer of the
meninges that is delicate and contains a
web-like meshwork of fibers on its deep
side?

Back 6

Arachnoid mater

Front 7

What is the name of the space below this
membrane in which the CSF circulates?

Back 7

 Subarachnoid space

Front 8

What is the name of the structures formed
from this membrane that protrude into the
blood vessels of the dura that allow CSF to
return to the cardiovascular system?

Back 8

 Arachnoid villi

Front 9

What is the name of the highly vascular
deep layer of the meninges that is attached
to the surface of the brain, following its
contours (unlike the superficial and middle
layers)?

Back 9

 Pia mater

Front 10

What does CSF stand for?

Back 10

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 11

What structures create CSF?

Back 11

 Choroid plexuses

Front 12

In what fluid-filled cavities of the brain are
these structures located (generic term)?

Back 12

Ventricles

Front 13

What is the largest part of the brain?

Back 13

 Cerebrum

Front 14

What do we call the two, separate halves of
this Cerebrum region?

Back 14

 Cerebral hemispheres

Front 15

What do we call the deep division between
these two halves, Cerebral hemispheres?

Back 15

Longitudinal fissure

Front 16

What is the bridge of white matter (axons in
a commissural tract) that connects the two
hemispheres superior to the lateral
ventricles?

Back 16

 Corpus callosum

Front 17

What do we call the raised areas and the
depressions between them that create the
wrinkled appearance?

Back 17

 Raised = gyri (gyrus)
 Depressions = sulci (sulcus)

Front 18

This region is gray on the outside and white
on the inside. What are the names of the
white and gray areas (and the gray areas
within the white)?

Back 18

 Gray – cerebral cortex
 White – cerebral medulla
 G w/in W – cerebral (basal) nuclei

Front 19

What lobe lies anterior to the central sulcus
and contains the primary motor cortex? Its
functions extend beyond motor control to
higher intellectual functions such as
personality, decision making, and
concentration.

Back 19

 Frontal lobe

Front 20

Where is the primary motor cortex located
in the frontal lobe?

Back 20

Pre-central gyrus

Front 21

What lobe lies posterior to the central sulcus
and contains the primary somatosensory
cortex? Its functions include perception of
touch, pressure, vibration, temperature.

Back 21

 Parietal lobe

Front 22

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex
located in the parietal lobe?

Back 22

 Post-central gyrus

Front 23

What lobe lies inferior to the lateral sulcus
and contains the primary auditory and
olfactory cortices? Its functions include
perception of smell and hearing.

Back 23

Temporal lobe

Front 24

What lobe lies on the posterior aspect of the
cerebrum and contains the visual cortex?
The function of this lobe is the perception of
visual information

Back 24

 Occipital lobe

Front 25

What areas of the cerebrum do not receive
sensory information directly or generate
motor impulses but interpret sensory input
(or motor output) in light of memories to
comprehend sensory input or coordinate
motor output?

Back 25

Association areas

Front 26

What functional group of components of the
cerebrum and diencephalon consists of
structures that collaboratively process and
experience emotions and influences
memory by integrating memories with
emotional states?

Back 26

Limbic system

Front 27

What is the technical term for the portion of
the brain, deep to the cerebrum, that
contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
pineal gland?

Back 27

 Diencephalon

Front 28

What gland is located on the posterior
portion of the diencephalon and secretes
melatonin (a hormone involved in day-night
cycles and onset of puberty)?

Back 28

Pineal gland

Front 29

What structure, formed of most of the
neural mass of the diencephalon, is filled
with nuclei that provide switching and relay
centers for motor and sensory signals
(spinal and cranial nerves)?

Back 29

 Thalamus

Front 30

 What structure on the anterior and inferior
aspect of the diencephalon is the control
center for the ANS and the endocrine
system as well as being involved in the
regulation of things such as behavioral
drives, body temperature, and circadian
rhythms?

Back 30

 Hypothalamus

Front 31

What endocrine gland is located inferior to
the hypothalamus (and actually stores 2
hormones secreted by the hypothalamus)?

Back 31

 Pituitary gland

Front 32

What are the 3 components of the brain
stem?

Back 32

-Mesencephalon (midbrain)
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata

Front 33

What region of the brain, found
immediately inferior to the diencephalon,
processes visual generates reflexive
responses to visual, auditory, and tactile
information?

Back 33

 Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Front 34

What is the specific term for the 2-pairs of
sensory nuclei responsible for generating
auditory and visual reflexes?

Back 34

Corpora quadrigemina

Front 35

What large, anterior bulge of the brainstem
holds centers that work with the medulla
oblongata to control breathing as well as
tracts connecting the cerebellum to the rest
of the brain and nuclei for many cranial
nerves?

Back 35

Pons

Front 36

What inferior portion of the brainstem
(immediately superior to the spinal cord)
serves as a connection for many cranial
nerves and holds autonomic nuclei
associated with reflexes involving heart rate
and basic respiratory movements (reflexes
such as sneezing and vomiting)?

Back 36

 Medulla oblongata

Front 37

What region of the brain, the second largest,
maintains equilibrium and posture as well as
programming and fine-tuning motor
commands (using stored memories of
movement patterns)?

Back 37

 Cerebellum

Front 38

What is the name of the first cranial nerve
(CN I)?

Back 38

 Olfactory nerve

Front 39

What openings in the skull transmit the first
cranial nerve?

Back 39

 Foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
bone

Front 40

What is the name of the second cranial
nerve (CN II)?

Back 40

 Optic nerve

Front 41

What openings in the skull transmit the
second cranial nerve?

Back 41

 Optic foramen

Front 42

What is the name of the third cranial nerve
(CN III)?

Back 42

 Oculomotor nerve

Front 43

What openings in the skull transmit the
third cranial nerve?

Back 43

 Superior orbital fissure

Front 44

What is the name of the fourth cranial nerve
(CN IV)?

Back 44

 Trochlear nerve

Front 45

What openings in the skull transmit the
fourth cranial nerve?

Back 45

 Superior orbital fissure

Front 46

What is the name of the fifth cranial nerve
(CN V)?

Back 46

 Trigeminal nerve

Front 47

What openings in the skull transmit the fifth
cranial nerve?

Back 47

 Ophthalmic: superior orbital fissure
 Maxillary: foramen rotundum
 Mandibular: foramen ovale

Front 48

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve
(CN VI)?

Back 48

 Abducens nerve

Front 49

What openings in the skull transmit the
sixth cranial nerve?

Back 49

 Superior orbital fissure

Front 50

What is the name of the seventh cranial
nerve (CN VII)?

Back 50

 Facial nerve

Front 51

What openings in the skull transmit the
seventh cranial nerve?

Back 51

 -Internal auditory canal
 -Stylomastoid foramen

Front 52

What is the name of the eighth cranial nerve
(CN VIII)?

Back 52

 Vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 53

What openings in the skull transmit the
eighth cranial nerve?

Back 53

Internal auditory canal

Front 54

What is the name of the ninth cranial nerve
(CN IX)?

Back 54

 Glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 55

What openings in the skull transmit the
ninth cranial nerve?

Back 55

 Jugular foramen

Front 56

What is the name of the tenth cranial nerve
(CN X)?

Back 56

 Vagus nerve

Front 57

What openings in the skull transmit the
tenth cranial nerve?

Back 57

Jugular foramen

Front 58

What is the name of the eleventh cranial
nerve (CN XI)?

Back 58

 Accessory nerve

Front 59

What openings in the skull transmit the
eleventh cranial nerve?

Back 59

 Jugular foramen

Front 60

What is the name of the twelfth cranial
nerve (CN XII)?

Back 60

Hypoglossal nerve

Front 61

What openings in the skull transmit the
twelfth cranial nerve?

Back 61

Hypoglossal canal