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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Brain Regions
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- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon - Brain Stem - Cerebellum |
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Cerebrum
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- Two cerebral hemispheres
- Fivelobes in each hemisphere |
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Brain Stem
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Midbrain; Pons; Medulla Oblongata
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Cerebral Lobes
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- Frontal
- Parietal - Temporal - Occipital - Insula (central lobe) |
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Corpus Callosum
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The largest commissural tract; connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
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Basal Nuclei / Basal Ganglia Parts
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a. Caudate Nucleus b. Putamen c. Globus Pallidus d. Lentiform nucleus* (b+c) e. Corpus Striatum* (a+diencephalon) |
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Basal Nuclei / Basal Ganglia
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Gray matter located in the middle of the cerebral white matter, influencesmuscle movements & playsa role in cognition and emotion
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Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
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Prevents passage of materials from blood into brain tissues
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Falx Cerebri
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A meningeal layer / wall: Fold that dips into longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres
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Falx Cerebelli
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A meningeal layer / wall: Small midline partition runs along vermis of the cerebellum
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Tentorium Cerebelli
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A meningeal layer / wall: Horizontal dural foldextends into transverse fissure between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
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Subarachnoid Space
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Spider web-like extensions span space and secures arachnoid mater to underlyingpia mater
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Arachnoid Villi
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Knoblike projections of the arachnoid mater that absorb CSF into the venousblood of the sinus
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Plasma-like fluid that fills CNS cavities and protects the brain and spinalcord
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Ventricles
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Centralhollow cavities deep in the brain filled with CSF
1. Left C-shapedlateral part 2. Right C-shaped lateral part 3. Third part 4. Fourth part |
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Diencephalon
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Centralcore of forebrain- consistsof thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
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Thalamus
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Part of the Diencephalon: functionsas“the relay station” –almost all information coming into thecerebral cortex synapses here first
- Key role in mediatingsensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, and memory |
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Hypothalamus
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Mainvisceral control center of body•Vitallyimportant to overall body homeostasis; initiatesphysical responses to emotions, & regulates body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, food intake, water balance and thirst, andcontrols endocrine system function
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Epithalamus
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Posteriorcommissureand pineal gland
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Pineal Gland
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Secretesmelatonin hormone (sleep-inducing signal/antioxidant)
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Tectum
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Part of the Midbrain; largest midbrain nuclei
– Superior colliculi (visualreflexes) – Inferior colliculi (auditoryreflexes) |
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Substantia Nigra
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"Monkey eyebrows"
Secretes dopamine |
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Red Nuclei
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"Monkey eyes"
Relay nuclei in some descending motor pathways that effect limbflexion |
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Pons
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Bulge seen in the brainstem wedged between midbrain and medulla oblongata; composed of conduction tracts
Translates to "bridge" |
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Medulla Oblongata
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Inferior part of brainstem; blends into spinal cord; displays two longitudinal ridges “pyramids"
Survival Reflexes: Sneezing, coughing, etc |
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Decussate
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Crossover to the contralateral side as theydescend from the cerebrum into spinal cord
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Cerebellum
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Neuron dense, balance, posture, complex skilled movements
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Frontal Lobe
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Planning, organizing, problem solving, emotions, attention, etc
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Temporal Lobe
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Auditory and visual processing, memory
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Parietal Lobe
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Sensory cortex & association cortex
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Occipital Lobe
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Primary visual center
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Broca's Area
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Usually located on the left side of brain; language production
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Wernicke's Area
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Usually located on the left side of brain; language comprehension
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Primary Motor Cortex
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The precentral gyrus of frontal lobes; conscious control of skeletal movement
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Motorhomunculi
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Upside-down caricatures represent contralateral motor innervation of body regions
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Primary Somatosensory Cortex
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The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe; receives sensory receptors
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Sensory Homunculus
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Upside-down caricatures represent contralateral sensory innervation of body regions
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Limbic System
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A group of structures located in the middle of each hemisphere and diencephalon; emotions and memory formation
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Limbic System Structures
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- Hippocampus
- Amygdaloid Body - Dentate Gyrus - Parahippocampal Gyrus - Septal Nuclei |
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Fornix
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Links limbic system's structures together
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