Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Plasma |
Transports cellular elements of blood throughout circulatory system -yellow or straw-colored fluid |
|
|
Hematology
|
The scientific study of blood and blood foring tissue
|
|
|
hematologist |
A medical specialist is the study of hematology
|
|
|
Albumins |
- Helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure -Helps maintain balance between fluid in the blood and fluid in the interstitial tissue |
|
|
Globulins
|
-36% of plasma -Alpha and Beta globulins transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in blood - Gamma globulins are antibodies and function in immunity |
|
|
Fibrinogen |
-4% of plasma -Largest of plasma protein -essential for coagulation |
|
|
Erythrocytes
|
- Red blood Cells(RBC) - Tiny biconcave-shaped disk -Male 4.5-6 million/mm3 of blood -Mature RBC is anucleate - Average life span = 120 days - Main component is HEMOGLOBIN Primary Function: Transport oxygen to cells of body |
|
|
Leukocytes
|
-White blood cells (WBC) Have two categories - Granulocytes and agranulocytes |
|
|
Granulocytes
|
have granules in their cytoplasm
|
|
|
Agranulocytes
|
Have no granules in their cytoplasm
|
|
|
Neutrophils
|
60-70% WBC -Do not absorb acid or base dye well -phagocytic in nature -Multi lobed nuclei |
|
|
Eosinophils
|
-2-4% of all WBC -nucleus has 2 lobes - Increase in number in response to allergic reactions - stain a red, rosy color with an acid dye |
|
|
Basophils
|
- Constitute less than 1 percent of all WBCs
–Have a nucleus with two lobes –Secrete histamine during allergic reactions –Secrete heparin, a natural anticoagulant –Stain a dark blue with a base dye |
|
|
Monocytes
|
–Constitute approximately 3 to 8 percent of all WBCs
–Largest of all white blood cells –Have a kidney-bean-shaped nucleus –Phagocytic in nature |
|
|
Lymphocytes |
–Constitute approximately 20 to 25 percent of all WBCs –Havea large spherical-shaped nucleus –Playan important role in immune process –Some lymphocytes are phagocytic –Other lymphocytes produce antibodies |
|
|
Thrombocytes
|
–Also known as platelets
–Small, disc-shaped fragments of very large cells called megakaryocytes –Contain no hemoglobin –Essential for coagulation |
|
|
BloodType A
|
–Has A-antigen present on RBC
–Has anti-B antibody present in plasma |
|
|
BloodType B
|
–Has B-antigen present on RBC
–Has anti-A antibody present in plasma |
|
|
BloodType AB
|
–Has AB-antigens present on RBC
–Has no antibodies present in plasma |
|
|
BloodType O
|
–Has no antigens present on RBC
–Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies present in plasma |
|
|
Universaldonor blood
|
–Type O negative (O-)
–No A antigens or B antigens present on its RBCs |
|
|
Universalrecipient blood
|
–Type AB positive (AB+)
–No anti-A or anti-B antigens present in its plasma |
|
|
Rhpositive (Rh+)
|
–Rh antigen is present on the RBC
|
|
|
•Rhnegative (Rh-)
|
–Rh antigen is not present on the RBC
•Concern: Rh- blood being exposed to Rh+ blood via transfusion •Concern: Rh- mother giving birth to Rh+ baby and blood mixes during birth process |
|
|
Clottingof blood = coagulation
|
–Injuryto blood vessel creates roughened area in vessel
–Plateletscome in contact with rough spot and disintegrate •Releasesubstance called thromboplastin –Thromboplastinconverts prothrombininto thrombin •Inpresence of calcium ions and other clotting factors –Thrombinconverts fibrinogen into fibrin•Fibrinthreads form a mesh that forms the clot |
|
|
Anemia |
Abnormal level of hemoglobin; resulting in oxygen deficiency in cells |
|
|
Aplastic Anemia
|
Formof anemia characterized by pancytopenia, an inadequacy of all the formed bloodelements
|
|
|
Hemolytic Anemia
|
Formof anemia characterized by the extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due totheir destruction
|
|
|
Iron Deficiency Anemia
|
–Anemiathat is characterized by deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack of ironin the body
–Mostcommon type of anemia |
|
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
–Formof anemia resulting from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation andcirculation of megaloblasts,with marked poikilocytosisand anisocytosis
•DistortedRBCs due to lack of vitamin B12absorption necessary for maturation of RBCs |
|
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
|
–Chronichereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which RBCs become crescent-shaped in thepresence of low oxygen concentration
|
|
|
Granulocytosis
|
–Abnormallyelevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to anyvariety of inflammation or infection |
|
|
Hemochromatosis
|
–Rareiron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body |
|
|
Hemophilia |
–Hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times |
|
|
Leukemia |
–Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood, eventually leading toinfection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Multiple Myeloma |
–Malignant plasma cell neoplasm causes an increase in the number of both mature andimmature plasma cells |
|
|
Polycythemia Vera
|
–Abnormalincrease in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes leading to anincrease in blood volume and viscosity |
|
|
Purpura
|
–Collectionof blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing asred-purple skin discolorations |
|
|
Thalassemia
|
–Hereditaryform of hemolytic anemia in which the production of hemoglobin is deficient,creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs |
|
|
•Directantiglobulin test (Coomb’s test) |
–Bloodtest used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in theblood of an Rh-negative woman |
|
|
Bleedingtime |
Measurementof the time required for bleeding to stop |
|
|
Bloodtransfusion |
–Administrationof blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost throughsurgery, trauma, or disease |
|
|
Bone marrow biopsy |
–Microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoiesis by revealingthe number, shape, and size of the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet precursors |
|
|
Bonemarrow transplant |
Donor’sbone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient |
|
|
•Completeblood cell count (CBC) |
–Seriesof tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens forproblems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems |
|
|
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
Testperformed on blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle outin a tube of unclotted blood
|
|
|
Hematocrit |
Assessmentof the RBC percentage in total blood volume |
|
|
Hemoglobintest |
Concentrationmeasurement of hemoglobin in peripheral blood |
|
|
Lipidprofile |
Measurementof the lipids in the blood |
|
|
Partial thromboplastin time
|
Bloodtest used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation withinthe blood |
|
|
Plateletcount |
Bloodtest that provides the count of platelets per |
|
|
Prothrombin time |
Blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation |
|
|
Red blood cell count
|
Measurementof the circulating number of RBCs in 1 mm3 ofperipheral blood |
|
|
•Redblood cell morphology |
–Examinationof the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify theform and shape of the RBCs |
|
|
Reticulocyte count |
Measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes (immature erythrocytes) in a bloodspecimen |
|
|
Rouleaux |
–Aggregationof RBCs viewed through the microscope that may be an artifact or may occur withpersons with multiple myeloma as a result of abnormal proteins |
|
|
Schillingtest |
Diagnosticanalysis for pernicious anemia |
|
|
Whiteblood cell count (WBC) |
Measurementof the circulating number of WBCs in 1 mm3 ofperipheral blood |
|
|
Whiteblood cell differential |
–Measurementof the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 mm3of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count |
