The Biology Of The Mind

Front 1

Biological psychology

Back 1

A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

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Neuron

Back 2

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

Front 3

Sensory neurons

Back 3

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the sensor receptors to the brain and the spinal cord

Front 4

Motor neurons

Back 4

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscle and glands

Front 5

Motor neurons

Back 5

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscle and glands

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Interneurons

Back 6

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs an motor outputs

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Dendrite

Back 7

The busy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

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Dendrite

Back 8

The busy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

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Axon

Back 9

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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Myelin sheath

Back 10

Insulates axons so signals can travel quickly

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Myelin sheath

Back 11

Insulates axons so signals can travel quickly

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Action potential

Back 12

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travel down an axon

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Threshold

Back 13

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Front 14

Threshold

Back 14

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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Synapse

Back 15

The small gap between neurons where information is exchanged

Front 16

Threshold

Back 16

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Front 17

Synapse

Back 17

The small gap between neurons where information is exchanged

Front 18

Neurotransmitters

Back 18

Chemicals that stimulate neurons so they can communicate

Front 19

Threshold

Back 19

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Front 20

Synapse

Back 20

The small gap between neurons where information is exchanged

Front 21

Neurotransmitters

Back 21

Chemicals that stimulate neurons so they can communicate

Front 22

Reuptake

Back 22

A neurotransmitters transient ion by the sending neuron

Front 23

Threshold

Back 23

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Front 24

Synapse

Back 24

The small gap between neurons where information is exchanged

Front 25

Neurotransmitters

Back 25

Chemicals that stimulate neurons so they can communicate

Front 26

Reuptake

Back 26

A neurotransmitters transient ion by the sending neuron

Front 27

Endorphins

Back 27

"Morphine within"-natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Front 28

Nervous system

Back 28

The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

Front 29

Nervous system

Back 29

The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

Front 30

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 30

The brain and spinal cord

Front 31

Nervous system

Back 31

The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

Front 32

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 32

The brain and spinal cord

Front 33

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Back 33

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Front 34

Nerves

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Bundles axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

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Nerves

Back 35

Bundles axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Front 36

Somatic nervous system

Back 36

The Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

Front 37

Nerves

Back 37

Bundles axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Front 38

Somatic nervous system

Back 38

The Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

Front 39

Autonomic nervous system

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The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (heart)

Front 40

Sympathetic nervous system

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The division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Front 41

Parasympathetic nervous system

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The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving it's energy

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Reflex

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A simple, autonomic response to a sensory stimulus, such as a knee-jerk response

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Endocrine system

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The bodies slow chemical communication system; A set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

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Endocrine system

Back 44

The bodies slow chemical communication system; A set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

Front 45

Hormones

Back 45

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

Front 46

Endocrine system

Back 46

The bodies slow chemical communication system; A set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

Front 47

Hormones

Back 47

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

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Adrenal glands

Back 48

Pair of endocrine glands that's it just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Front 49

Endocrine system

Back 49

The bodies slow chemical communication system; A set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

Front 50

Hormones

Back 50

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

Front 51

Adrenal glands

Back 51

Pair of endocrine glands that's it just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

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Pituitary gland

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And no criticisms most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

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Lesion

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Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

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Lesion

Back 54

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

Front 55

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Front 56

Lesion

Back 56

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

Front 57

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 57

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Front 58

PET scan

Back 58

Visual display of brain activity that the text where a radioactive form of glucose goes well the brain performs a given task

Front 59

Lesion

Back 59

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

Front 60

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 60

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Front 61

PET scan

Back 61

Visual display of brain activity that the text where a radioactive form of glucose goes well the brain performs a given task

Front 62

MRI

Back 62

I technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy

Front 63

Lesion

Back 63

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

Front 64

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 64

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Front 65

PET scan

Back 65

Visual display of brain activity that the text where a radioactive form of glucose goes well the brain performs a given task

Front 66

MRI

Back 66

I technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy

Front 67

fMRI

Back 67

Technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

Front 68

Lesion

Back 68

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused the structure of the brain tissue

Front 69

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 69

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Front 70

PET scan

Back 70

Visual display of brain activity that the text where a radioactive form of glucose goes well the brain performs a given task

Front 71

MRI

Back 71

I technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy

Front 72

fMRI

Back 72

Technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function

Front 73

Brainstem

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The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; The brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions

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Medulla

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The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

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Medulla

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The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

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reticular formation

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Nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

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Medulla

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The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

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reticular formation

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Nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

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Thalamus

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The brain sensory switchboard located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and Medela

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Cerebellum

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The little brain at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement out put and balance

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Limbic system

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Narrow system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with motion and drives

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Limbic system

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Narrow system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with motion and drives

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Amygdala

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To lima beans sized neural clusters in the limbic system; link to emotion

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Cerebral cortex

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The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the bodies ultimate control and information processing center

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Glial cells

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Cells in the nervous system that support, nurse, and protect neurons

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Frontal lobes

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Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the four head it; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

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Frontal lobes

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Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the four head it; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

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Parietal lobes

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Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the lobes of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Front 89

Frontal lobes

Back 89

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the four head it; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

Front 90

Parietal lobes

Back 90

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the lobes of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Front 91

Occipital lobes

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Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Front 92

Frontal lobes

Back 92

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the four head it; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

Front 93

Parietal lobes

Back 93

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the lobes of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Front 94

Occipital lobes

Back 94

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Front 95

Temporal Lobes

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Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; including the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

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Motor cortex

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An area at the rear of the frontal lobe's that controls voluntary movements

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Sensory cortex

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Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

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Sensory cortex

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Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Front 99

Association areas

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Areas of the serial cortex that are not involved in primary Motor or sensory functions; rather, they're involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

Front 100

Sensory cortex

Back 100

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Front 101

Association areas

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Areas of the serial cortex that are not involved in primary Motor or sensory functions; rather, they're involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

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Plasticity

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The brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by recognizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Front 103

Sensory cortex

Back 103

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Front 104

Association areas

Back 104

Areas of the serial cortex that are not involved in primary Motor or sensory functions; rather, they're involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

Front 105

Plasticity

Back 105

The brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by recognizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Front 106

Corpus callosum

Back 106

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and caring messages between them

Front 107

Sensory cortex

Back 107

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Front 108

Association areas

Back 108

Areas of the serial cortex that are not involved in primary Motor or sensory functions; rather, they're involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

Front 109

Plasticity

Back 109

The brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by recognizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Front 110

Corpus callosum

Back 110

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and caring messages between them

Front 111

Split Brain

Back 111

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brains to hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them