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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism
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The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. 1. Catabolic reactions: break down large chemicals and release energy. 2. Anabolic reactions: build up large chemicals and require energy.
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Ingestion
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The acquisition of food and other raw materials.
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Digestion
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The process of converting food into a usable soluble form so that it can pass through membranes in the digestive tract and enter the body.
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Absorption
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The passage of nutrient molecules through the lining of the digestive tract into the body proper. Absorbed molecules pass through cells lining the digestive tract by diffusion or active transport.
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Transport
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The circulation of essential compounds required to nourish the tissues, and the removal of waste products from the tissues.
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Assimilation
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The building up of new tissues from digested food materials.
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Respiration
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The consumption of oxygen by the body. Cells use oxygen to convert glucose into ATP, a ready source of energy for cellular activities.
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Excretion
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The removal of waste products (CO2, H2O, and urea) produced during metabolic processes like respiration and assimilation.
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Synthesis
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The creation of complex molecules from simple ones (anabolism)
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Regulation
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The control of physiological activities. The body’s metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment. This is known as homeostasis and includes regulation by hormones and the nervous system. Irritability is the ability to respond to a stimulus and is part of regulation.
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Growth
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An increase in size due to synthesis of new materials.
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which plants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates. Sunlight is harnessed by chlorophyll to drive this reaction.
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Reproduction
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The generation of additional individuals of a species.
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