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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The dates chosen to represent the Baroque Era represent two major milestones. What are these dates and milestones?
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1600- The birth of opera
17500- The death of JS Bach |
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Explain the origins of the term "Baroque".
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Derived from the Portugese term 'barroco', a pearl of irregular shape that was frequently used in jewelery of the time
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Define: Figured Bass
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Composers began putting a numeral above or below the bass note instead of writing out the chords in full.
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Basso Continuo
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a system requiring two instumental accompaniests: a cello or basson to play the bass line and an organ or harpsichord to play the harmonies.
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Major-minor Tonality
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the thrust towards the tonic became the most powerful force in music, and each chord assumed its function in relation to the key center
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Counterpoint
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The act of combining in a single texture two or more melodic lines ie. Symphonias and Inventions by JS Bach
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Monody
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Vocal style with a solo singer and instumental accompaniment
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Improvisation
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Creation of a musical composition while it is being preformed, without the aid of a manuscript or the art of adding details into written compositions
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Binary Form
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Two-part form (AB) with each section normally repeated. B is the logical and necessary completion of A.
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Ternary Form
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Three part form based on a statement (A), a contrast or departure (B), and a repetition (A). ie. Slow movements of Beethoven's Sonatas, Minuets and Scherzos
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Word Painting
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Device in which the meaning of words is vividly depicted through music ie. The Erkling by Schubert
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List a few common dance types of the Baroque Era.
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bourée, minuet, gavotte, sarabande, rigaudon, courante, tambourin
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Define: Idiomatic writing
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writing for a particular instrument, with range and tonality in mind. From this technique the art of orchestration was born.
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Comment on: the dynamics of the Baroque Era.
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subtle dynamic shading
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The patronage to the arts
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artists usually functioned under royal or princely patronage, were considered glorified servants
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"During the Baroque Era, many composers were also virtuosi on their repective instruments". Explain this statement.
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From the Italian "virtuosus" meaning skill, manliness and excellence, a virtuoso is an individual who posseses outstanding technical ability. ie Bach
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What is a concerto?
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an instrumental form based on the opposition between two dissimilar bodies of sound
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Ritonello form
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a passage returns again and again in a manner of refrain
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What were the two types of concertos in the Baroque Era?
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Concerto Grosso- A small group of soloists set against an orchestra
The Solo Concerto(ABA)- One instrument set against an orchestra (often a violin) |
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tutti/ripieno
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a larger group of instuments in concerto grosso
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concertino
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small group of instuments playing a solo in concerto grosso
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prelude
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short keyboard work in improvisatory style, preceding a fugue
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fugue
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highly structured contrapunal composition in which a theme (subject) prevails
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episode
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a passage within a fugue in which neither subject nor answer is present
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pedal point
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sustained note over which harmonies change
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Opera Seria
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A tragic Italian opera with no comic scenes or characters, but without a tragic ending. It often has 3 acts. ex: Rinaldo
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Oratio
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Large-scale dramatic genre, based on a religious or serious text. Preformed by solo voices, chorus and orchestra. Similar to opera but without costumes or action. Handel's Messiah
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What is the difference between recitativo secco and recitativo accompagnato?
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secco- unaccompanied or barely accompanied recitative, used in opera for explanation
accompagnato- accompaniment, often by continuo, to a recitative |
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Da Capo Aria
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lyric song is ternary (ABA) style, commonly an element of oratios
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Melisma
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melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable
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Libretto
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text or script to an opera
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stretto
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from the Italian "to tighten", overlapping subject entries in close succession
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