The Axial Skeleton

Front 1

The skeleton is divided in 2 parts

Back 1

the axial skeleton and

the appendicular skeleton

Front 2

axial and appendicular skeleton is

Back 2

axial = frame work of the body which include the skull,sternum,vertebral column..

appendicular = framework of the body that consist of the extremities like shoulders, pelvic gurdle ..append means to add or hang, so extremities that hang from the axial skeleton

Front 3

Cranium

Back 3

part of the axial skeleton, portion of the skull that encloses the brain

Front 4

Frontal

Back 4

part of the axial skeleton, forehead part that forms the roof of the cranial cavity ''front'' portion of the skull

Front 5

Parietal

Back 5

part of the axial skeleton, paired bones that form the roof of the caudal (top of head ) cranial cavity

Front 6

Occipital

Back 6

part of the axial skeleton, forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum for the spinal cord is located.

Front 7

definition of foramen and magnum

Back 7

foramen = opening in bone which tissue passes

magnum = means large

Front 8

Temporal

Back 8

(temples) part of the axial skeleton, paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

Front 9

Sphenoid

Back 9

(side of eye) part of the axial skeleton, paired bones that form base of the skull and part of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket

Front 10

Ethmoid

Back 10

part of the axial skeleton, bone that seperates nasal cavity from the brain,located at the roof of the nose between the two orbits ( eye sockets )

Front 11

Incisive

Back 11

part of the axial skeleton, forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares

Front 12

pterygoid

Back 12

part of the axial skeleton, forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Front 13

Brachycephalic is

Back 13

pathological condition that affect short nose dogs and cats that can cause severe respiratory problems

Front 14

Zygomatic

Back 14

part of the axial skeleton, joins with the temporal and frontal bone and forms the cheek bone

Front 15

Maxilla & mandible & palatine

Back 15

maxilla =part of the axial skeleton , forms the upper jaw

mandible= forms the lower jaw

palatine = forms part of the hard palate

Front 16

Lacrimal

Back 16

smallest most fragile bone in the face, located in the middle walls of the eye sockets

Front 17

Incisive

Back 17

rostral part of the hard palate, pair of small cranial bones at the tip of the jaws (sometimes bearing teeth )- connected to maxilla and nasals

Front 18

Vomer and Nasal septum

Back 18

vomer = forms the base of the nasal septum

Nasal septum = cartilaginous structure that divides the 2 nasal cavities

Front 19

vertebral column is

Back 19

aka spinal column, supports head and body and protects spinal cord, consist of individual bones called vertebra

Front 20

Body

Back 20

Solid,biggest veterbra part that faces into the body (around spinal cord )

Front 21

Arch

Back 21

dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

Front 22

Lamina

Back 22

left or right dorsal half of the arch

Front 23

spinous process

Back 23

single projection from the dorsal part of the arch of each vertebrae

Front 24

transverse processes

Back 24

small bony projection off the 2 sides of the body part of the vertebrae

Front 25

Articular process

Back 25

projection of the vertebra that serves purpose of fitting with another vertebra.

(there's right,left, superior and inferior articular processes which stick out of the end of a vertebra)

Front 26

foramen & vertebral foramen

Back 26

foramen means opening the opening in middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes through is called vertebral foramen

Front 27

Intervertebral discs

Back 27

the vertebrae are separated and cushioned from each other by cartilage discs that allow movements = intervertebral discs

Front 28

what is a vertebral formula

Back 28

formula indicating the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column

Front 29

vertebral formula for a dog and cat is

Back 29

C-7 , T-13, L-7, S-3, Cy-6-23

which means

7 cervical,13 thoracic , 7 Lumbar, 3 Sacral,

6-23 Coccygeal/ tail verterbrae

Front 30

The first 2 cervical vertebrae have individual names which are ? ( C1 and C2 )

Back 30

C1 = Atlas

C2 = Axis

Front 31

Ribs ( and combining form )

Back 31

ribs are paired bones that attach to the thoracic(after cervical ) vertebrae

combining form is cost/o or costals

Front 32

Sternum

Back 32

forms the midline of the rib cage

and divided into 3 parts :

manubrium: top part of the sternum

body : midline portion

xiphoid process : the last bit of the sternum