The Arterial System

Front 1

ascending limb

Back 1

Aortic Pressure Wave

aortic wall distension occurs during the rapid ejection phase of the cardiac cycle represented on the graph as the ________.

Front 2

Maximum aortic ______= maximum extent of aortic wall distension.

Back 2

pressure

Front 3

________ marks the end of ventricular systole (aortic valve closure).

Back 3

Dicrotic notch

Front 4

________ refers to when the blood is forced through peripheral vessels as aortic walls recoil.

Back 4

Diastolic runoff

Front 5

Pressure progressively declines to the arterial ______ value, just prior to the next ejection.

Back 5

diastolic

Front 6

Arterial pressure is normally substantially ______ than ventricular pressure during ventricular diastole.

Back 6

greater

Front 7

Pulse pressure =

Back 7

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Front 8

Mean arterial pressure (Pa or MAP)=~

Back 8

estimated as diastolic pressure plus 1/3 of the pulse pressure.

Front 9

Compliance is a measure of the _______ of the vessel wall

Back 9

"expandability”

Front 10

slope

dV/dt

Back 10

Arterial compliance (Ca) is the ____ of the pressure-volume curve at any point.

in other words
Ca=

Front 11

Ca is not constant, but changes at very ___ or ___ pressure levels.

Back 11

low
high

Front 12

Ca decreases progressively with ____ , especially at the higher pressures

Back 12

age

Front 13

Compliance is the reciprocal of _______. C.

Back 13

wall stiffness

Front 14

To compare vessels of different sizes or types, _________ is often used, rather than compliance

Back 14

DISTENSIBILITY

Front 15

distensibility =

Back 15

% change in volume/ change in pressure

Front 16

decreases

Back 16

Increasing age progressively ________ the slopes of arterial pressure-volume curves

Front 17

MAP depends directly upon the mean ____ of blood in the arterial system (Va), which determines how greatly the arterial walls are distended.

Back 17

volume

Front 18

Ca does NOT determine the final magnitude of changes in either ___ or ___ following changes in CO or TPR. (This may sound strange at first, but has been verified. And note that the statement applies to mean arterial volume and pressure, not the diastolic or systolic values.)

Back 18

Va
MAP

Front 19

MAP =

Back 19

CO•TPR

Front 20

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is directly proportional to mean arterial blood _____.

Back 20

volume

Front 21

Ca does NOT determine the final magnitude of changes in either ___ or ___ following changes in CO or TPR. (This may sound strange at first, but has been verified. And note that the statement applies to mean arterial volume and pressure, not the diastolic or systolic values.)

Back 21

Va
MAP

Front 22

rate of change

Back 22

Ca influences only the _______ of Va and MAP following changes in CO (see figure below) or TPR.

Front 23

the rate of change of MAP is _______ related to the magnitude of Ca.

Back 23

inversely

Front 24

Assuming arterial compliance (Ca) is constant, pulse pressure is _______ proportional to SV.

Back 24

directly

Front 25

Pulse pressure (systolic P-diastolic P) is _________to stroke volume

Back 25

perportional

Front 26

A consequence of hemorrhage is a decrease in SV. What is the expected effect of hemorrhage per se on pulse pressure (assuming no change in Ca or TPR

Back 26

Decreases SV= decreased pulse P

Front 27

Ca is the ___ of the pressure-volume curve

Back 27

slope

Front 28

Assuming SV is constant, pulse pressure is ______ related to Ca

Back 28

inversely

Front 29

One of the consequences of arteriosclerosis is a decrease in Ca. Assuming that no other factor changes, what would be the expected effect of arteriosclerosis on pulse pressure?

Back 29

-increase

Front 30

If all other factors remain constant, changes in TPR will cause systolic and diastolic pressures and MAP to change in the same direction, BUT _______ will not be changed (Fig. 6-14, left). I.e., TPR doesn’t directly determine ________

Back 30

pulse pressure
pulse pressure.

Front 31

However, increases in TPR may result in a decrease in ____.

Back 31

Ca

Front 32

However, increases in TPR may result in a decrease in Ca. How will the latter affect pulse pressure

Back 32

Inversely perportional, increase pulse pressure

Front 33

c. In addition, an increase in TPR may result in a decrease in SV. How will the latter affect pulse pressure?

Back 33

Perportional, decrease pulse presure

Front 34

Therefore, changes in TPR may affect pulse pressure _______ because of changes in Ca or SV.

Back 34

indirectly

Front 35

Normally, pulse contours are progressively ______ as pressure changes are transmitted to peripheral arteries

Back 35

distorted

Front 36

When Ca is decreased (e.g. by arteriosclerosis), there is _____ peripheral distortion of the pulse contour

Back 36

less

Front 37

Pressure waves move _____ than the blood actually flows a given distance from the heart

Back 37

faster

Front 38

Pressure wave velocity is ______ related to Ca

Back 38

inversely

Front 39

How will progressive arteriosclerosis be expected to affect the velocity of pressure wave transmission?

Back 39

Lower compliance—faster velocity