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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ethics
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the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
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ethical decisions
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sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standardor guideline
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name-calling
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the use of language to deframe, demean, or degrade individuals or groups
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Bill of Rights
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the fist 10 admendments to the united States consitiution
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plagiarism
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presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own
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global plagiarism
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stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
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patchwork plagiarism
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stealing ideas of language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own
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incremental plagiarism
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failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech are borrowed from other people
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paraphase
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to restate or summarize author's ideas in one's own words
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hearing
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the vibration of sound waves on the eardrun and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain
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listening
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paying close attention to, and making sense of what we hear
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appreciative listening
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listening for pleasure or enjoyment
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empathic listening
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listening to providew emotional support for speaker
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comprehensive listening
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listening to understand the message of a speaker
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critical listening
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listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it
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spare "brain time"
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the difference between the rate at which people talk (120 t0 150 words a minute) and rate at which the brain can process (400 to 800 words a minute)
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active listening
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giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effoet to understand the speaker's point of view
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key-word outline
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an outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form
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topic
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subject of a speech
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brainstorming
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a method of gererating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
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general purpose
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the broad goal of a speech
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specific purpose
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a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his speech
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central idea
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a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
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residual message
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what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech
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audience-centeredness
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keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
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identification
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a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences
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egocentrism
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the tencency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
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demographic audience analysis
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audience analysis that focuses on demographics factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or culture background
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stereotyping
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creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually assuming that all members of the group are alike
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situational audience analysis
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audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker and the occasion
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attitude
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a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc
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fixed-alternative question
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questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives
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scale question
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question that requires responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers
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open-ended questions
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questions that allow respondents to answer however they want
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