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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aztec capital
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Tenochtitlan
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Aztec capital location
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Lake Texoco in 1100s
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What were they looking for
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eagle perched on a cactus eating a snake
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what did the Aztecs have to do
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pay a tribute (type of tax)
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what was the Aztec farming technique called
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chinampas "floating gardens"
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king
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part of a royal family
elected by nobles |
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priests
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interpret calendars
perform religious ceremonies |
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warriors
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responsible for capturing sacrifice victims
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merchants
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rich from trading luxury goods
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artisans
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made goods required for tribute
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farmers
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poor
didn't own land |
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Aztec achievements
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writing system
260 day religious calendar 365 day solar calendar |
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Hernan Cortez
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conquistador
invaded Mexico in 1519 |
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conquistadors
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Spanish explorers/conquerors
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Spanish advantages
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firearms
horses armor Mexican-Indian allies (least-known) diseases (most-known) |
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What did Montezuma offer Cortez
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chocolate
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Montezuma 2
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Aztec emperor at the time of the invasion
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original interaction between Aztecs and the Spaniards
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Spaniards welcomed into Tenochtitlon by Montezuma
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what happened when the Spaniards arrived
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Cortez took control and Aztecs revolted
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Tenochtitlan's new name
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Mexico City
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Olmec time period
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1200 bc - ad 300
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major city of the Olmecs
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La Venta
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who controlled the Olmec trading network
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the Olmec elite
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Olmec achievements
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calendar
1st in Mesoamerica to use writing popular ball game |
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Olmec decline
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mystery
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Zapotec time period
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1500 bc - ad 750
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major city of the Zapotec
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Monte Alban
capital city first true city in Mesoamerica high about the Valley of Oaxaca |
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Decline of the Zapotec
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rulers lost support - people moved to smaller communities - city used as high-status burial site
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Toltec time period
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ad 900 - ad 1200
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Toltec major city
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Tula
capital major trading center bc located near obsidian mines military dominance |
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Toltec decline
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climate change and social conflict lead to the abandonment of the city
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Mayan time period
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100 bc - 900 ad
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Mayan agriculture technique
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slash and burn agriculture
burning vegetation to clear land for planting useful in their rainforest environment |
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what did the Mayans build into hillsides
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flat terraces
stop erosion |
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what made Mayan villages grow into cities
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trade within villages
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what was the age when most Mayan cities were built called
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Classic Age
250 ad - 900 ad |
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Two major Mayan cities
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Tikal and Copan
brightly painted monuments for the gods |
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how were city-states ruled and linked together for the Mayans
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ruled by their own rulers and had their own governments
linked through trade and war (often fighting between them for land and power) |
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how were the gods communicated with by the Mayans
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kings
blood sacrifices and ball games |
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Mayan social classes
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upper: priests and professional warriors
middle: merchants and skilled craftspeople lower: majority of citizens, farmers, slaves, supported the upper classes with food and labor for building projects |
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Mayan achievements
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canals
astronomy math writing 365 day farming calendar 260 day religious calendar number system (concept of 0) glyphs writing system (symbols) |
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Mayan large stone monument
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stelae
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Mayan bark-paper book
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codex
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Mayan decline
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not exactly sure
- environmental damage from overuse of resources/drought = starvation - warfare destroyed crops - abuse of power leading to people rebelling and leaving the cities |
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Mayan leader who abused power
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Yax Pak in Copan
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Mayans remain
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Mayans remained strong and powerful for hundreds of years in new cities
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Incan transportation
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extensive road network that linked cities all over the empire together
improved communication and economy control 14,000 miles long paved with stone blocks |
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Incan Quipu
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set of colored and knotted cords that represented numbers and dates
had no written language so this was their record keeping recorded taxes, inventory, census data, etc. only specially trained officials can read/use it |
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Incan capital
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Cuzco
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Incan architecture
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Blocks fit together so precisely that mortar was not necessary
suspension bridges from fibers and vines |
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Decline of Incans
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Pizarro's invasion
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Events of the invasion of the Incans
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Pizarro led an expedition to Peru
Atahualpa met him and Pizarro demanded that the empire be handed over to Spain and for it to be converted to Christianity when Atahualpa refused, he was taken captive and eventually killed Pizarro went South and destroyed army and took control of the empire |
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Incan emperor at the time of the invasion
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Atahualpa
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Important Incan ruler
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Pachacuti
used political alliances and military force to gain control of a huge territory |
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Incan empire location
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extended along almost the entire Pacific coast and throughout the Andes
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Cooperative community in Central Andes
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ayllus
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Incan empire time period
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100 years
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Nazca people time period
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200 bc - 600 ad
Peruvian desert |
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Nazca achievements
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Nazca line drawings
Irrigation canals and flooding for farming |
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Chavin people time period
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900 bc - 200 bc
highlands of Peru |
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Chavin center of culture
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Chavin de Huantar
urban religious and trading center |
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Chavin farming
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access to multiple ecological zones because of location relative to the Andes mountains
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Moche people time period
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400 bc - 600 ad
coastal desert of Peru |
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Moche farming
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farming was there because of irrigation canals from Andes to their crops
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Moche achievements
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expanded their territory through warfare
pottery depicting daily life skilled metalwork in gold and silver |
