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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Old regime |
Term used by the French revolutionaries to talk about the political situation before the French revolution 15-18th century |
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Characteristics of the old regime |
Agrarian economy Absolutist political system Stratified society Great influence of religion |
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What is the enlightment? |
Movement of the 18th century emerged in France |
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Ideas of the enlightment |
Confidence in reason Faith in human progress which lead to happiness Criticism the old regime |
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Important theorists of the enlightment |
Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire |
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Which three different channels did the enlightment spread in Europe and the Americas? |
The salons The new communications media The encyclopaedia- Diderot and d'Alembert |
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Main characteristic of the old regime |
The absolute monarchy |
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Powers of the king in an absolute monarchy |
Executive, legislative and judicial power He also controlled the economy and the army |
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Who gave power to the king? |
God |
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Example of a parliamentary political system in the 18th century |
England |
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Thought of voltaire |
Limiting the power of the king by means of a parlament |
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Montesquieu thoughts |
Separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers |
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Rousseau thoughts |
Sovereignty or power resides in the citizents |
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Enlightment despotism |
Tried to reconcile absolutism with enlightment ideas Monarchs carried out reforms achieving progress and happiness |
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Lema of the enlightment desotism |
All for the people without the people |
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Enlightment despots |
Louis XV in France Charles III in Spain Joseph I in Portugal Chatherine II in Russia Joseph II in Austria Frederick II in Prussia |
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European balance |
Balance of powers in Europe for preventing any power from dominating the rest |
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Enlightenment economic policies |
Economic liberalism Phisiocracy |
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Economic policy old regime |
Mercantilism: wealth of a country came from the accumulation of precious metals State controlled the economy |
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Economic liberalism |
Adam smith- The wealth of nations Richness of a nation is based on the richness of its individuals |
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Physiocracy |
François Quesnay Wealth based on the land |
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Their was a population growth caused by |
The improved nutrition, the absence of major epidemics and a decline in the number of wars |
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The economy regulates itself by the rule of |
Supply an demand |
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Changes in the 18th century in agriculture and where |
Continuous rotation UK and Netherlands More harvests, more trade |
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Why did the craftsmanship grew? |
Because of the increase of demand |
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New methods in craftsmanship? |
Cottage industries- work was carried out by the peasants in theirhomes Manufacturing - large specialised workshops were craftsmen worked for wages |
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1700 |
Charles the II died and the war of succession started |
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Type of war the succession was |
International and civil |
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Two treaties the bourbons had to sign |
Utrecht and rastrat |
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What did the bourbons give in exchange of Spain? |
Gibraltar and menorca to the biritish Sicily to Austria Commercial advantages in america to the british |
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Political reforms of the bourbons |
Absolute monarchy Political and administrative centralisation by means of nueva plants decrees (implanted the Castilian model) no charter |
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Social reforms of the bourbons |
The Jesuits were expelled The esquilache riots- wide brimmed hats and long cloaks |
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Alliance between France and Spain by means of |
The family compact |
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1711 |
Archdukes Charles brother dies and he becomes the holy Roman emperor |
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Rococo characteristics |
Frivolous Bright colours asimetrical Not realistic |
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Neoclassical art |
Greece and Rome Realistic/ naturalistic Sacrifice and history painting Enlightenment |